Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Erik P. Verlinde
SciPost Phys. 2, 016 (2017) · published 16 May 2017
- doi: 10.21468/SciPostPhys.2.3.016
- Submissions/Reports
-
Abstract
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional 'dark' gravitational force describing the 'elastic' response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton's constant and the Hubble acceleration scale $a_0$ =$cH_0$, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional 'dark gravity force' explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
TY - JOUR
PB - SciPost Foundation
DO - 10.21468/SciPostPhys.2.3.016
TI - Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
PY - 2017/05/16
UR - https://scipost.org/SciPostPhys.2.3.016
JF - SciPost Physics
JA - SciPost Phys.
VL - 2
IS - 3
SP - 016
A1 - Verlinde, Erik P.
AB - Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional 'dark' gravitational force describing the 'elastic' response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton's constant and the Hubble acceleration scale $a_0$ =$cH_0$, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional 'dark gravity force' explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
ER -@Article{10.21468/SciPostPhys.2.3.016,
title={{Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe}},
author={Erik P. Verlinde},
journal={SciPost Phys.},
volume={2},
pages={016},
year={2017},
publisher={SciPost},
doi={10.21468/SciPostPhys.2.3.016},
url={https://scipost.org/10.21468/SciPostPhys.2.3.016},
}
Cited by 296
-
Chan et al., There is no universal acceleration scale in galaxies
74, 1441 (2022) [Crossref] -
Khoury, Dark Matter Superfluidity
SciPost Phys. Lect. Notes, 42 (2022) [Crossref] -
Xiao et al., On the entropy variation in the scenario of entropic gravity
Physics Letters B 780, 34 (2018) [Crossref] -
Chagoya et al., Cosmic acceleration in entropic cosmology
Physics Letters B 851, 138556 138556 (2024) [Crossref] -
Finster et al., Theoretically Motivated Dark Electromagnetism as the Origin of Relativistic Modified Newtonian Dynamics
Universe 10, 123 (2024) [Crossref] -
Famaey et al., Emergence of the mass discrepancy-acceleration relation from dark matter-baryon interactions
J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 2018, 038 (2018) [Crossref] -
Tatum, Flat Space Cosmology as a Model of Penrose’s Weyl Curvature Hypothesis and Gravitational Entropy
JMP 09, 1935 (2018) [Crossref] -
Cai et al., From Rindler fluid to dark fluid on the holographic cutoff surface
SciPost Phys. Proc., 003 (2021) [Crossref] -
Jusufi, Regular black holes in Verlinde’s emergent gravity
Annals of Physics 448, 169191 169191 (2023) [Crossref] -
Kibaroğlu et al., Friedmann equations for deformed entropic gravity
Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 29, 2050042 (2020) [Crossref] -
Nadir,
, (2023) [Crossref] -
Banik et al., The Global Stability of M33 in MOND
ApJ 905, 135 (2020) [Crossref] -
Cadoni et al., Effective models of nonsingular quantum black holes
Phys. Rev. D 106, 024030 (2022) [Crossref] -
Woodard, Don’t throw the baby out with the bath water
Eur. Phys. J. Plus 138, 1067 (2023) [Crossref] -
Trugenberger, Combinatorial Quantum Gravity and Emergent 3D Quantum Behaviour
Universe 9, 499 (2023) [Crossref] -
Chardin et al., MOND-like behavior in the Dirac–Milne universe
A&A 652, A91 (2021) [Crossref] -
Skordis et al., New Relativistic Theory for Modified Newtonian Dynamics
Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 161302 (2021) [Crossref] -
Steinhart, Atheists Giving Thanks to the Sun
Philosophia 49, 1219 (2021) [Crossref] -
Koch et al., Vacuum Energy, the Casimir Effect, and Newton’s Non-Constant
Universe 9, 476 (2023) [Crossref] -
Wood et al., Exploring discrete space–time models for information transfer: Analogies from mycelial networks to the cosmic web
BioSystems 243, 105278 105278 (2024) [Crossref] -
Banik et al., Strong constraints on the gravitational law from Gaia DR3 wide binaries
527, 4573 (2023) [Crossref] -
Carone et al., Composite graviton self-interactions in a model of emergent gravity
Phys. Rev. D 98, 024041 (2018) [Crossref] -
Ettori et al., Hydrostatic mass profiles in X-COP galaxy clusters
A&A 621, A39 (2019) [Crossref] -
Hossenfelder et al., The redshift-dependence of radial acceleration: Modified gravity versus particle dark matter
Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 27, 1847010 (2018) [Crossref] -
Chan, A Comment on ‘Cosmology and Convention’ by David Merritt
J Gen Philos Sci 50, 283 (2019) [Crossref] -
Kashyap, General Relativity, MOND, and the problem of unconceived alternatives
Euro Jnl Phil Sci 13, 30 (2023) [Crossref] -
Terry Tatum,
, (2020) [Crossref] -
ZuHone et al., Testing Emergent Gravity with Optical, X-Ray, and Weak Lensing Measurements in Massive, Relaxed Galaxy Clusters
ApJ 880, 145 (2019) [Crossref] -
Ourabah, The other way around: from alternative gravity to entropy
Class. Quantum Grav. 41, 015010 (2024) [Crossref] -
Ghari et al., Dark matter–baryon scaling relations from Einasto halo fits to SPARC galaxy rotation curves
A&A 623, A123 (2019) [Crossref] -
Mistele et al., Galactic mass-to-light ratios with superfluid dark matter
A&A 664, A40 (2022) [Crossref] -
Pittordis et al., Testing modified-gravity theories via wide binaries and GAIA
480, 1778 (2018) [Crossref] -
Ashmead, Time dispersion in quantum electrodynamics
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2482, 012023 (2023) [Crossref] -
Chan et al., The Solar system test for the general modified gravity theories
518, 6238 (2022) [Crossref] -
Dai et al., Strong lensing constraints on modified gravity models
Phys. Rev. D 98, 124027 (2018) [Crossref] -
Tamburini et al., Can the periodic spectral modulations observed in 236 Sloan Sky Survey stars be due to dark matter effects?
Phys. Scr. 92, 095001 (2017) [Crossref] -
Pantig, Apparent and emergent dark matter around a Schwarzschild black hole
Physics of the Dark Universe 45, 101550 101550 (2024) [Crossref] -
Yang et al., Gravitational lensing in conformal and emergent gravity
EPJ Web Conf. 206, 07002 (2019) [Crossref] -
Acedo, Modified Newtonian Gravity as an Alternative to the Dark Matter Hypothesis
Galaxies 5, 74 (2017) [Crossref] -
Rodrigues et al., Absence of a fundamental acceleration scale in galaxies
Nat Astron 2, 668 (2018) [Crossref] -
Cadoni et al., Anisotropic fluid cosmology: An alternative to dark matter?
Phys. Rev. D 102, 023514 (2020) [Crossref] -
Shu et al., Fluctuation and inertia
Nuclear Physics B 950, 114873 114873 (2020) [Crossref] -
Hansen et al., Non-relativistic gravity and its coupling to matter
J. High Energ. Phys. 2020, 145 (2020) [Crossref] -
KİBAROĞLU, GUP-corrected ΛCDM cosmology
26, 501 (2022) [Crossref] -
Millano et al., Phase space analysis of the bouncing universe with stringy effects
Physics Letters B 841, 137916 137916 (2023) [Crossref] -
Pszota et al., Field equation of thermodynamic gravity and galactic rotational curves
Physics of the Dark Universe 46, 101660 101660 (2024) [Crossref] -
Bartlett, Tomorrow's Physics Alters Information Technology Which Alters Global Economics and Social Science
SSRN Journal, (2018) [Crossref] -
Hayden et al., Learning the Alpha-bits of black holes
J. High Energ. Phys. 2019, 7 (2019) [Crossref] -
Vacaru et al., Off-diagonal cosmological solutions in emergent gravity theories and Grigory Perelman entropy for geometric flows
Eur. Phys. J. C 81, 81 (2021) [Crossref] -
Biró et al., Black hole horizons can hide positive heat capacity
Physics Letters B 782, 228 (2018) [Crossref] -
Romanets, Dark matter effects explanation with the torsion in the Minkowski space
Class. Quantum Grav. 41, 075013 (2024) [Crossref] -
Rasouli et al., Fractional Scalar Field Cosmology
Fractal Fract 8, 281 (2024) [Crossref] -
De Córdoba et al., On the cosmological constant as a quantum operator
Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys. 20, 2350065 (2023) [Crossref] -
Anninos et al., Higher spin de Sitter Hilbert space
J. High Energ. Phys. 2019, 71 (2019) [Crossref] -
Hernandez et al., Challenging a Newtonian prediction through Gaia wide binaries
Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 28, 1950101 (2019) [Crossref] -
Tatum et al., Cosmic Time as an Emergent Property of Cosmic Thermodynamics
JMP 09, 1941 (2018) [Crossref] -
Artigue, Billiards and Toy Gravitons
J Stat Phys 175, 213 (2019) [Crossref] -
Levshakov et al., Testing the weak equivalence principle by differential measurements of fundamental constants in the Magellanic Clouds
487, 5175 (2019) [Crossref] -
Saha et al., Rényi holographic dark energy in higher dimension Cosmology
Annals of Physics 426, 168403 168403 (2021) [Crossref] -
Tamosiunas et al., Testing emergent gravity on galaxy cluster scales
J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 2019, 053 (2019) [Crossref] -
An et al., Realize Emergent Gravity to Generic Situations
Eur. Phys. J. C 81, 789 (2021) [Crossref] -
Monerat et al., The effects of dark energy on the early Universe with radiation and an ad hoc potential
Eur. Phys. J. Plus 137, 117 (2022) [Crossref] -
Carney et al., Tabletop experiments for quantum gravity: a user’s manual
Class. Quantum Grav. 36, 034001 (2019) [Crossref] -
Iorio, Calculation of the Uncertainties in the Planetary Precessions with the Recent EPM2017 Ephemerides and their Use in Fundamental Physics and Beyond
AJ 157, 220 (2019) [Crossref] -
Chen et al., Geometric Support for Dark Matter by an Unaligned Einstein Ring in A3827
ApJ 898, 81 (2020) [Crossref] -
Abreu et al., MOND and cosmological issues from entropic gravity and nonextensive thermostatistics correspondence
EPL 120, 20003 (2017) [Crossref] -
Baker et al., Novel Probes Project: Tests of gravity on astrophysical scales
Rev. Mod. Phys. 93, 015003 (2021) [Crossref] -
Jusufi et al., Apparent dark matter as a non-local manifestation of emergent gravity
Physics of the Dark Universe 42, 101270 101270 (2023) [Crossref] -
Nieuwenhuizen, Solution of the dark matter riddle within standard model physics: from black holes, galaxies and clusters to cosmology
Front. Astron. Space Sci. 11, 1413816 (2024) [Crossref] -
De Córdoba et al., On the cosmological constant of flat FLRW spacetime
Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys. 20, 2350029 (2023) [Crossref] -
Díaz-Saldaña et al., An effective cosmological constant from an entropic formulation of gravity
Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 29, 2050064 (2020) [Crossref] -
Keppens, What Constitutes Emergent Quantum Reality? A Complex System Exploration from Entropic Gravity and the Universal Constants
Entropy 20, 335 (2018) [Crossref] -
Linnemann, Quantisation as a method of generation: The nature and prospects of theory changes through quantisation
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 92, 209 (2022) [Crossref] -
Tatum et al., Equivalence between a Gravity Field and an Unruh Acceleration Temperature Field as a Possible Clue to “Dark Matter”
JMP 09, 1568 (2018) [Crossref] -
Safarzadeh et al., The Challenge to MOND from Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxies
ApJL 914, L37 (2021) [Crossref] -
Franzin et al., Sine-Gordon solitonic scalar stars and black holes
Phys. Rev. D 97, 124018 (2018) [Crossref] -
Zonoozi et al., The Kennicutt–Schmidt law and the main sequence of galaxies in Newtonian and milgromian dynamics
506, 5468 (2021) [Crossref] -
Famaey et al., Baryon-Interacting Dark Matter: heating dark matter and the emergence of galaxy scaling relations
J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 2020, 025 (2020) [Crossref] -
Päs,
204, 121 (2022) [Crossref] -
Blanchet et al., Dipolar dark matter as an effective field theory
Phys. Rev. D 96, 083512 (2017) [Crossref] -
Andriot, On classical de Sitter and Minkowski solutions with intersecting branes
J. High Energ. Phys. 2018, 54 (2018) [Crossref] -
Vopson, Estimation of the information contained in the visible matter of the universe
11, 105317 (2021) [Crossref] -
Chan et al., The radial acceleration relation in galaxy clusters
492, 5865 (2020) [Crossref] -
Peach, Emergent dark gravity from (non)holographic screens
J. High Energ. Phys. 2019, 151 (2019) [Crossref] -
Gohar, Cosmology with Varying Constants from a Thermodynamic Viewpoint
Universe 3, 26 (2017) [Crossref] -
Gueorguiev, Elucidating the z-dependence of the MOND acceleration (a0) within the scale invariant vacuum (SIV) paradigm
535, L13 (2024) [Crossref] -
Farshad, Quantum mechanics emerging from complex Brownian motions
phys essays 37, 202 (2024) [Crossref] -
Jaksland, The multiple realizability of general relativity in quantum gravity
Synthese 199, 441 (2021) [Crossref] -
Torromé et al., On the Emergent Origin of the Inertial Mass
Found Phys 53, 52 (2023) [Crossref] -
Milgrom, MOND vs. dark matter in light of historical parallels
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 71, 170 (2020) [Crossref] -
Yoon, Testing Verlinde’s emergent gravity with the low acceleration gravitational anomaly observed in wide binary stars
Physics of the Dark Universe 45, 101551 101551 (2024) [Crossref] -
Yoon et al., Verlinde gravity effects on the orbits of the planets and the Moon in the Solar System
Class. Quantum Grav. 37, 135007 (2020) [Crossref] -
Benetti et al., Dark Matter in Fractional Gravity. I. Astrophysical Tests on Galactic Scales
ApJ 949, 65 (2023) [Crossref] -
Cadoni et al., Effective fluid description of the dark universe
Physics Letters B 776, 242 (2018) [Crossref] -
Pascoli, The κ-Model under the Test of the SPARC Database
Universe 10, 151 (2024) [Crossref] -
Zaripov, Dark Matter as a Result of Field Oscillations in the Modified Theory of Induced Gravity
Symmetry 12, 41 (2019) [Crossref] -
Raimbault,
, 27 (2020) [Crossref] -
Bass, The cosmological constant and scale hierarchies with emergent gauge symmetries
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. 382, 20230092 (2024) [Crossref] -
Banks et al., Path integrals for causal diamonds and the covariant entropy principle
Phys. Rev. D 103, 106022 (2021) [Crossref] -
Tatum, A Potentially Useful Galactic Dark Matter Index
JMP 09, 1564 (2018) [Crossref] -
Richtler et al., The isolated elliptical galaxy NGC 5812–MOND or dark matter?
Astron Nachr 345, e230081 (2024) [Crossref] -
Srivastava et al., Tsallis holographic dark energy with hybrid expansion law
Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys. 17, 2050144 (2020) [Crossref] -
Li et al., Fitting the radial acceleration relation to individual SPARC galaxies
A&A 615, A3 (2018) [Crossref] -
Sun et al., Menzerath–Altmann’s Law of Syntax in RNA Accretion History
Life 11, 489 (2021) [Crossref] -
沈, Review of the Mysteries of Galactic Dark Matter
MP 08, 162 (2018) [Crossref] -
Sedmik et al., Next Generation Design and Prospects for Cannex
Universe 7, 234 (2021) [Crossref] -
Gwak et al., New Views on Dark Matter from Emergent Gravity
EPJ Web Conf. 168, 06006 (2018) [Crossref] -
Lim et al., Field equations and particle motion in covariant emergent gravity
Phys. Rev. D 98, 124029 (2018) [Crossref] -
Nagesh et al., The Phantom of RAMSES user guide for galaxy simulations using Milgromian and Newtonian gravity
Can. J. Phys. 99, 607 (2021) [Crossref] -
Banik et al., From Galactic Bars to the Hubble Tension: Weighing Up the Astrophysical Evidence for Milgromian Gravity
Symmetry 14, 1331 (2022) [Crossref] -
Edmonds et al., Dark matter, dark energy and fundamental acceleration
Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 29, 2043030 (2020) [Crossref] -
Pantig et al., Testing symmergent gravity through the shadow image and weak field photon deflection by a rotating black hole using the M87$$^*$$ and Sgr. $$\hbox {A}^*$$ results
Eur. Phys. J. C 83, 250 (2023) [Crossref] -
Cai et al., Emergent dark matter in late time universe on holographic screen
J. High Energ. Phys. 2018, 9 (2018) [Crossref] -
Filho, Implications of a Simpson–Visser solution in Verlinde’s framework
Eur. Phys. J. C 84, 73 (2024) [Crossref] -
Gwak et al., Thermodynamic Volume in AdS/CFT
EPJ Web Conf. 168, 07003 (2018) [Crossref] -
Pascoli, A comparative study of MOND and MOG theories versus the κ-model: an application to galaxy clusters
Can. J. Phys. 102, 69 (2024) [Crossref] -
Nieuwenhuizen et al., Accurate modeling of the strong and weak lensing profiles for the galaxy clusters Abell 1689 and 1835
Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 230, 1137 (2021) [Crossref] -
Wang et al., Theoretical aspects of holographic dark energy
Commun. Theor. Phys. 75, 117401 (2023) [Crossref] -
Brown et al., The radial acceleration relation and a magnetostatic analogy in quasilinear MOND
New J. Phys. 20, 063042 (2018) [Crossref] -
Plastino et al., Entropic Forces and Newton’s Gravitation
Entropy 22, 273 (2020) [Crossref] -
Haslbauer et al., The KBC void and Hubble tension contradict ΛCDM on a Gpc scale − Milgromian dynamics as a possible solution
499, 2845 (2020) [Crossref] -
Puliçe et al., Asymptotically‐Flat Black Hole Solutions in Symmergent Gravity
Fortschritte der Physik 72, 2300138 (2024) [Crossref] -
Tatum, Dark Matter as the Gravitized Vacuum: A Brief Note and Experimental Proposal
JMP 09, 2342 (2018) [Crossref] -
González et al., Observational constraints on Yukawa cosmology and connection with black hole shadows
Physics of the Dark Universe 42, 101304 101304 (2023) [Crossref] -
Frampton, On the origin and nature of dark matter
Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 33, 1830030 (2018) [Crossref] -
Brouwer et al., The weak lensing radial acceleration relation: Constraining modified gravity and cold dark matter theories with KiDS-1000
A&A 650, A113 (2021) [Crossref] -
Castro-Palacio et al., Hyperbolic space in the Newtonian limit: The cosmological constant
Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 31, 2250072 (2022) [Crossref] -
Mota, Do we have any hope of detecting scattering between dark energy and baryons through cosmology?
493, 1139 (2020) [Crossref] -
Ditta et al., Thermal properties of Simpson–Visser Minkowski core regular black holes solution in Verlinde’s emergent gravity
Physics of the Dark Universe 43, 101418 101418 (2024) [Crossref] -
Jusufi et al., Apparent dark matter inspired by the Einstein equation of state
EPL 147, 19001 (2024) [Crossref] -
Zatrimaylov, A critique of covariant emergent gravity
J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 2020, 024 (2020) [Crossref] -
Ván et al., Variational principles and nonequilibrium thermodynamics
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. 378, 20190178 (2020) [Crossref] -
Chae et al., Radial Acceleration Relation between Baryons and Dark or Phantom Matter in the Supercritical Acceleration Regime of Nearly Spherical Galaxies
ApJ 877, 18 (2019) [Crossref] -
Jackson Kimball et al.,
, 1 (2023) [Crossref] -
Tortora et al., The Central Dark Matter Fraction of Massive Early-Type Galaxies
Front. Astron. Space Sci. 8, 704419 (2022) [Crossref] -
De Córdoba et al., Thermality of the zero-point length and gravitational selfduality
Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys. 21, 2450043 (2024) [Crossref] -
Haramein et al., Resolving the Vacuum Catastrophe: A Generalized Holographic Approach
JHEPGC 05, 412 (2019) [Crossref] -
Çimdiker et al., Black hole shadow in symmergent gravity
Physics of the Dark Universe 34, 100900 100900 (2021) [Crossref] -
Cadoni et al., Long-Range Quantum Gravity
Symmetry 12, 1396 (2020) [Crossref] -
Banik et al., Directly testing gravity with Proxima Centauri
487, 1653 (2019) [Crossref] -
van Leuven et al., Towards non-AdS holography via the long string phenomenon
J. High Energ. Phys. 2018, 97 (2018) [Crossref] -
Kroupa, Solar System limits on gravitational dipoles
495, 3974 (2020) [Crossref] -
Luo et al., Emergent Gravity Fails to Explain Color-dependent Galaxy–Galaxy Lensing Signal from SDSS DR7
ApJ 914, 96 (2021) [Crossref] -
Rayimbaev et al., Quasiperiodic oscillations, weak field lensing and shadow cast around black holes in Symmergent gravity
Annals of Physics 454, 169335 169335 (2023) [Crossref] -
Yang et al., Dawn of the dark: unified dark sectors and the EDGES Cosmic Dawn 21-cm signal
J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 2019, 044 (2019) [Crossref] -
Böhmer et al., On galaxy rotation curves from a continuum mechanics approach to modified gravity
Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 27, 1850007 (2018) [Crossref] -
Oikonomou et al., Primordial cosmology of an emergent-like universe from modified gravity: Reconstruction and phenomenology optimization with a genetic algorithm
Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 33, 2350114 (2024) [Crossref] -
Nandi et al., Inflation vs. Ekpyrosis — Comparing stability in general non-minimal theory
Physics of the Dark Universe 44, 101430 101430 (2024) [Crossref] -
Deliduman et al., Astrophysics with Weyl gravity
Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 33, 1845011 (2018) [Crossref] -
Dai et al., Comment on “Covariant version of Verlinde’s emergent gravity”
Phys. Rev. D 96, 108501 (2017) [Crossref] -
Olmos,
, 1 (2022) [Crossref] -
Chappell et al., A new derivation of the Minkowski metric
J. Phys. Commun. 7, 065001 (2023) [Crossref] -
Tang et al., Measuring the Gravitomagnetic Distortion from Rotating Halos. I. Methods
ApJ 911, 44 (2021) [Crossref] -
Bubuianu et al., Entropy functionals and thermodynamics of relativistic geometric flows, stationary quasi-periodic Ricci solitons, and gravity
Annals of Physics 423, 168333 168333 (2020) [Crossref] -
Yoon, Extension of Verlinde gravity formalism to nonspherically symmetric mass distributions
Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 30, 2150024 (2021) [Crossref] -
Steinhart,
, 63 (2020) [Crossref] -
Knabel et al., Galaxy and Mass Assembly: A Comparison between Galaxy–Galaxy Lens Searches in KiDS/GAMA
AJ 160, 223 (2020) [Crossref] -
Alam et al., Towards testing the theory of gravity with DESI: summary statistics, model predictions and future simulation requirements
J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 2021, 050 (2021) [Crossref] -
Yoon, Derivation of MOND from Hossenfelder–Verlinde gravity
Class. Quantum Grav. 40, 20LT01 (2023) [Crossref] -
Han et al., Discrete gravity on random tensor network and holographic Rényi entropy
J. High Energ. Phys. 2017, 148 (2017) [Crossref] -
Cadoni et al., Emergence of a dark force in corpuscular gravity
Phys. Rev. D 97, 044047 (2018) [Crossref] -
Varieschi, Newtonian Fractional-Dimension Gravity and MOND
Found Phys 50, 1608 (2020) [Crossref] -
Abe et al., Crossover in Extended Newtonian Gravity Emerging from Thermodynamics
Symmetry 14, 1048 (2022) [Crossref] -
Olmos,
, 1795 (2023) [Crossref] -
Islam et al., Modified gravity theories in light of the anomalous velocity dispersion of NGC1052-DF2
Phys. Rev. D 100, 104049 (2019) [Crossref] -
Jusufi et al., Dark Universe phenomenology from Yukawa potential?
Physics of the Dark Universe 42, 101318 101318 (2023) [Crossref] -
Banik, A new line on the wide binary test of gravity
487, 5291 (2019) [Crossref] -
Holwerda et al., Deep Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey: Data Release 1 blended spectra search for candidate strong gravitational lenses
510, 2305 (2022) [Crossref] -
Hossenfelder et al., Analogue gravity models from conformal rescaling
Class. Quantum Grav. 34, 165004 (2017) [Crossref] -
Del Popolo et al., Turnaround radius in
ΛCDM
and dark matter cosmologies. II. The role of dynamical friction
Phys. Rev. D 102, 123510 (2020) [Crossref] -
Araújo Filho, Analysis of a regular black hole in Verlinde’s gravity
Class. Quantum Grav. 41, 015003 (2024) [Crossref] -
Jusufi, Black holes surrounded by Einstein clusters as models of dark matter fluid
Eur. Phys. J. C 83, 103 (2023) [Crossref] -
Vagnozzi,
, 5 (2020) [Crossref] -
Hernandez, Internal kinematics of Gaia DR3 wide binaries: anomalous behaviour in the low acceleration regime
525, 1401 (2023) [Crossref] -
Banik et al., Scale-invariant dynamics in the Solar system
497, L62 (2020) [Crossref] -
Ali et al., Universality of minimal length
Physics Letters B 831, 137182 137182 (2022) [Crossref] -
Marochnik et al., Dark Energy from Virtual Gravitons (GCDM Model vs. ΛCDM Model)
Universe 8, 464 (2022) [Crossref] -
Benetti et al., Dark Matter in Fractional Gravity III: Dwarf Galaxies Kinematics
Universe 9, 478 (2023) [Crossref] -
Çimdiker et al., Thin accretion disk images of the black hole in symmergent gravity
Class. Quantum Grav. 40, 184001 (2023) [Crossref] -
Schmitz,
, 153 (2017) [Crossref] -
Yoon et al., Understanding galaxy rotation curves with Verlinde’s emergent gravity
Class. Quantum Grav. 40, 02LT01 (2023) [Crossref] -
Gogoi et al., Quasinormal modes and greybody factors of symmergent black hole
Physics of the Dark Universe 42, 101314 101314 (2023) [Crossref] -
Verheyen, From Information and Quantum Physics to Consciousness and Reality
Sci 3, 35 (2021) [Crossref] -
van Dokkum et al., A galaxy lacking dark matter
Nature 555, 629 (2018) [Crossref] -
Cao et al., Bulk entanglement gravity without a boundary: Towards finding Einstein’s equation in Hilbert space
Phys. Rev. D 97, 086003 (2018) [Crossref] -
Cai et al., Emergent dark universe and the swampland criteria
Physics of the Dark Universe 26, 100387 100387 (2019) [Crossref] -
Islam et al., Acceleration relations in the Milky Way as differentiators of modified gravity theories
Phys. Rev. D 101, 084015 (2020) [Crossref] -
Burkmar et al., Emergent universe from an unstable de Sitter phase
Int. J. Mod. Phys. D, 2441013 (2024) [Crossref] -
Anninos et al., De Sitter horizons & holographic liquids
J. High Energ. Phys. 2019, 38 (2019) [Crossref] -
Gouttenoire,
, 73 (2022) [Crossref] -
Bagchi et al., Quantum, noncommutative and MOND corrections to the entropic law of gravitation
Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 33, 1950018 (2019) [Crossref] -
Schmitz, A Combined Entropy/Phase-Field Approach to Gravity
Entropy 19, 151 (2017) [Crossref] -
Bartlett, Relativistic Advanced Waves and Vector-Tensor-Scalar Geometry As Aids to Accurate Radiometric Dating
SSRN Journal, (2019) [Crossref] -
Dimov et al., Entanglement entropy and Fisher information metric for closed bosonic strings in homogeneous plane wave background
Phys. Rev. D 96, 126004 (2017) [Crossref] -
Maleki et al., Complementarity-entanglement tradeoff in quantum gravity
Phys. Rev. D 105, 086024 (2022) [Crossref] -
Nash, Modified general relativity
Gen Relativ Gravit 51, 53 (2019) [Crossref] -
Bonanno et al., Gravitational antiscreening in stellar interiors
J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 2020, 022 (2020) [Crossref] -
Faraoni, Analogy between freezing lakes and the cosmic radiation era
Phys. Rev. Research 2, 013187 (2020) [Crossref] -
Lisanti et al., Testing dark matter and modifications to gravity using local Milky Way observables
Phys. Rev. D 100, 083009 (2019) [Crossref] -
Kibaroğlu, Generalized entropic gravity from modified Unruh temperature
Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 34, 1950119 (2019) [Crossref] -
Pardo, Testing emergent gravity with isolated dwarf galaxies
J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 2020, 012 (2020) [Crossref] -
Reitz et al., Model for Emergence of Spacetime from Fluctuations
Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 211501 (2023) [Crossref] -
Schlatter et al., Gravity from transactions: fulfilling the entropic gravity program
J. Phys. Commun. 7, 065009 (2023) [Crossref] -
Chan et al., Analytic radial acceleration relation for galaxy clusters
Phys. Rev. D 105, 083003 (2022) [Crossref] -
Mariz et al., Emergent gauge bosons and dynamical symmetry breaking in a four-fermion Lifshitz model
Eur. Phys. J. C 79, 550 (2019) [Crossref] -
Bartlett, Geometry, Binary Digits, Topology, Bandgap Implants & Electronic Genetic Engineering
SSRN Journal, (2019) [Crossref] -
Vopson, The information catastrophe
10, 085014 (2020) [Crossref] -
van Hee,
, 25 (2019) [Crossref] -
Vacaru, Geometric information flows and G. Perelman entropy for relativistic classical and quantum mechanical systems
Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 639 (2020) [Crossref] -
El-Zant, Galaxy formation and dark matter: small scale problems and quantum effects on astrophysical scales
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1253, 012007 (2019) [Crossref] -
Bertolami et al., Using a non-minimal coupling between matter and curvature to sequester the cosmological constant
Gen Relativ Gravit 52, 44 (2020) [Crossref] -
Finster et al., A mechanism for dark matter and dark energy in the theory of causal fermion systems
Class. Quantum Grav. 40, 075017 (2023) [Crossref] -
Clerc et al.,
, 1 (2023) [Crossref] -
Sanna et al., Covariant formulation of refracted gravity
A&A 674, A209 (2023) [Crossref] -
Schlatter, On the Principle of Synchronization
Entropy 20, 741 (2018) [Crossref] -
de Martino et al., Dark Matters on the Scale of Galaxies
Universe 6, 107 (2020) [Crossref] -
Bertone et al., A new era in the search for dark matter
Nature 562, 51 (2018) [Crossref] -
Martens, Dark Matter Realism
Found Phys 52, 16 (2022) [Crossref] -
Tortora et al., Testing Verlinde's emergent gravity in early-type galaxies
473, 2324 (2018) [Crossref] -
Dimov et al.,
255, 205 (2018) [Crossref] -
Li et al., Testing Verlinde’s gravity using gravitational lensing of clusters
487, 3734 (2019) [Crossref] -
Gayen et al., Scalar and spinor quasi normal modes of a 2D dilatonic blackhole
Gen Relativ Gravit 55, 129 (2023) [Crossref] -
Tatum, Why Flat Space Cosmology Is Superior to Standard Inflationary Cosmology
JMP 09, 1867 (2018) [Crossref] -
Stadtler et al., The dynamics of spatially confined oscillations
Can. J. Phys. 99, 222 (2021) [Crossref] -
Hauret et al., Cosmological Time, Entropy and Infinity
Entropy 19, 357 (2017) [Crossref] -
Brodsky, Supersymmetric Properties of Hadron Physics from Light-Front Holography and Superconformal Algebra and other Advances in Light-Front QCD
Few-Body Syst 59, 25 (2018) [Crossref] -
Tanaka et al., Flowers behind the back of the universe: A cosmic art project exploring the invisible
Acta Astronautica 146, 435 (2018) [Crossref] -
Jervis, A comparison of two theories to explain the rotation curves in galaxies without dark matter particles
Astrophys Space Sci 363, 254 (2018) [Crossref] -
Cadoni et al., Galactic dynamics and long-range quantum gravity
Phys. Rev. D 100, 024029 (2019) [Crossref] -
Newell et al., Pattern universes
347, 318 (2019) [Crossref] -
Jusufi et al., Black hole shadows in Verlinde’s emergent gravity
503, 1310 (2021) [Crossref] -
Almeida et al., Multifield curved solid: Early dark energy and perturbation instabilities
Phys. Rev. D 109, 123539 (2024) [Crossref] -
Durazo et al., A Test of MONDian Gravity in ∼300 Pressure-supported Elliptical Galaxies from the MaNGA Survey
ApJ 863, 107 (2018) [Crossref] -
Tatum, Calculating Radiation Temperature Anisotropy in Flat Space Cosmology
JMP 09, 1946 (2018) [Crossref] -
Álvarez, Windows on Quantum Gravity
Fortschritte der Physik 69, 2000080 (2021) [Crossref] -
Arsiwalla et al., Pregeometric Spaces from Wolfram Model Rewriting Systems as Homotopy Types
Int J Theor Phys 63, 83 (2024) [Crossref] -
Cadoni et al., Quasi-normal modes and microscopic description of 2D black holes
J. High Energ. Phys. 2022, 87 (2022) [Crossref] -
Komatsu, Horizon thermodynamics and cosmological equations: a holographic-like connection between thermostatistical quantities on a cosmological horizon and in the bulk
Eur. Phys. J. C 83, 690 (2023) [Crossref] -
Wang et al., Holographic dark energy
Physics Reports 696, 1 (2017) [Crossref] -
Milgrom, Noncovariance at low accelerations as a route to MOND
Phys. Rev. D 100, 084039 (2019) [Crossref] -
Ge et al., Quantum computational complexity, Einstein's equations and accelerated expansion of the Universe
J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 2018, 047 (2018) [Crossref] -
Giusti, On the corpuscular theory of gravity
Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys. 16, 1930001 (2019) [Crossref] -
Betzios et al., Emergent gravity from hidden sectors and TT deformations
J. High Energ. Phys. 2021, 202 (2021) [Crossref] -
Komatsu, Evolution of thermodynamic quantities on cosmological horizon inΛ(t)model
Phys. Rev. D 108, 083515 (2023) [Crossref] -
Govind et al., A test of MOND and emergent gravity with SMACS J0723.3-7327 using eROSITA observations
J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 2024, 030 (2024) [Crossref] -
Hossenfelder et al., Strong lensing with superfluid dark matter
J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 2019, 001 (2019) [Crossref] -
Zoutendijk et al., The MUSE-Faint survey
A&A 651, A80 (2021) [Crossref] -
Banks, Holographic Space-Time and Quantum Information
Front. Phys. 8, 111 (2020) [Crossref] -
Shen, The dark-baryonic matter mass relation for observational verification in Verlinde’s emergent gravity
Gen Relativ Gravit 50, 73 (2018) [Crossref] -
Cohen-Tannoudji, Lambda, the fifth foundational constant considered by Einstein
Metrologia 55, 486 (2018) [Crossref] -
Read et al., Dark matter heats up in dwarf galaxies
484, 1401 (2019) [Crossref] -
Trindade et al., Clifford Algebras, Multipartite Systems and Gauge Theory Gravity
Adv. Appl. Clifford Algebras 29, 1 (2019) [Crossref] -
Krishna et al., Entropy maximization in the emergent gravity paradigm
Phys. Rev. D 99, 023535 (2019) [Crossref] -
Nieuwenhuizen et al., Modified Gravity and its test on galaxy clusters
476, 3393 (2018) [Crossref] -
Tatum et al., Flat Space Cosmology as a Model of Light Speed Cosmic Expansion—Implications for the Vacuum Energy Density
JMP 09, 2008 (2018) [Crossref] -
Hernandez et al., Statistical analysis of the gravitational anomaly in Gaia wide binaries
528, 4720 (2024) [Crossref] -
Glattfelder,
, 473 (2019) [Crossref] -
Bartlett, A Conceivable Path to Immortality in Your Present Body That Uses Physics, Electronics and 'Cloning'
SSRN Journal, (2019) [Crossref] -
Schmitz, Entropy and Geometric Objects
Entropy 20, 453 (2018) [Crossref] -
Ditta et al., Thermal analysis of charged Symmergent black hole with logarithmic correction
Chinese Journal of Physics 88, 287 (2024) [Crossref] -
Schneider, Trans-Planckian philosophy of cosmology
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 90, 184 (2021) [Crossref] -
Uruena Palomo, MOND as a Transformation Between Non-inertial Reference Frames Via Sciama’s Interpretation of Mach’s Principle
Int J Theor Phys 63, 271 (2024) [Crossref] -
Linnemann et al., Hints towards the emergent nature of gravity
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 64, 1 (2018) [Crossref] -
Qi, Does gravity come from quantum information?
Nature Phys 14, 984 (2018) [Crossref] -
Andriot, New Constraints on Classical de Sitter: Flirting with the Swampland
Fortschritte der Physik 67, 1800103 (2019) [Crossref] -
Edvardsson, Relativistic gravitational force
Celest Mech Dyn Astron 135, 25 (2023) [Crossref] -
Akil et al., Semiclassical spacetimes at super-Planckian scales from delocalized sources
Phys. Rev. D 108, 044051 (2023) [Crossref] -
Jusufi et al., Modified gravity/entropic gravity correspondence due to graviton mass
Annals of Physics 468, 169717 169717 (2024) [Crossref] -
Diaz-Barron et al., On emergent gravity, ungravity and Λ
Physics Letters B 818, 136365 136365 (2021) [Crossref] -
Cadoni et al., Emergence of a cosmological constant in anisotropic fluid cosmology
Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 36, 2150156 (2021) [Crossref] -
Alshal, Einstein’s equations and the pseudo-entropy of pseudo-Riemannian information manifolds
Gen Relativ Gravit 55, 86 (2023) [Crossref] -
Filomeno,
477, 391 (2023) [Crossref] -
Benetti et al., Dark Matter in Fractional Gravity II: Tests in Galaxy Clusters
Universe 9, 329 (2023) [Crossref] -
Pérez-Cuéllar et al., On planetary orbits in entropic gravity
Mod. Phys. Lett. A 36, 2150050 (2021) [Crossref] -
Prihadi et al., Replica trick calculation for entanglement entropy of static black hole spacetimes
Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys. 20, 2350132 (2023) [Crossref] -
Carrasco et al., Gravitation from optimized computation: Einstein and beyond
J. High Energ. Phys. 2023, 167 (2023) [Crossref] -
Bubuianu et al., Kaluza–Klein gravity and cosmology emerging from G. Perelman’s entropy functionals and quantum geometric information flows
Eur. Phys. J. Plus 136, 149 (2021) [Crossref] -
Tee et al., Relating Vertex and Global Graph Entropy in Randomly Generated Graphs
Entropy 20, 481 (2018) [Crossref] -
Morvan et al., On the Euclidean action of de Sitter black holes and constrained instantons
SciPost Phys. 14, 022 (2023) [Crossref] -
Halenka et al., Testing emergent gravity with mass densities of galaxy clusters
Phys. Rev. D 102, 084007 (2020) [Crossref] -
Frampton, Holographic entanglement entropy and cyclic cosmology
Physics of the Dark Universe 20, 28 (2018) [Crossref] -
Filomeno, Stable regularities without governing laws?
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 66, 186 (2019) [Crossref] -
Barrientos et al., Nonminimal couplings, gravitational waves, and torsion in Horndeski’s theory
Phys. Rev. D 96, 084023 (2017) [Crossref] -
Banik et al., Testing gravity with wide binary stars like α Centauri
480, 2660 (2018) [Crossref] -
Zaanen et al., Crystal gravity
SciPost Phys. 13, 039 (2022) [Crossref] -
Re et al., Structure of the equivalent Newtonian systems in MONDN-body simulations
A&A 678, A110 (2023) [Crossref] -
Bhattacharya et al., Comments on the entropic gravity proposal
Eur. Phys. J. C 78, 627 (2018) [Crossref] -
Ván et al., Emergence of extended Newtonian gravity from thermodynamics
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 588, 126505 126505 (2022) [Crossref] -
Eappen et al., The formation of early-type galaxies through monolithic collapse of gas clouds in Milgromian gravity
516, 1081 (2022) [Crossref] -
Clerc et al.,
, 4681 (2024) [Crossref] -
Ipek et al., The Entropic Dynamics of Quantum Scalar Fields Coupled to Gravity
Symmetry 12, 1324 (2020) [Crossref] -
Naudts, Emergent Coulomb Forces in Reducible Quantum Electrodynamics
Found Sci 25, 209 (2020) [Crossref] -
Dai et al., Inconsistencies in Verlinde’s emergent gravity
J. High Energ. Phys. 2017, 7 (2017) [Crossref] -
Venkataramani et al., Pattern dark matter and galaxy scaling relations
Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 230, 2139 (2021) [Crossref] -
Verlinde et al., Black hole entropy and long strings
Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 31, 2242006 (2022) [Crossref] -
Lee et al., Dark energy and dark matter in emergent gravity
J. Korean Phys. Soc. 81, 910 (2022) [Crossref]
Author / Affiliation: mappings to Contributors and Organizations
See all Organizations.
Funders for the research work leading to this publication