Publications

Order by: publication date number of citations

• Unweighting multijet event generation using factorisation-aware neural networks

  Timo Janßen, Daniel Maître, Steffen Schumann, Frank Siegert, Henry Truong

  SciPost Phys. 15, 107 (2023) · published 21 September 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  In this article we combine a recently proposed method for factorisation-aware matrix element surrogates with an unbiased unweighting algorithm. We show that employing a sophisticated neural network emulation of QCD multijet matrix elements based on dipole factorisation can lead to a drastic acceleration of unweighted event generation. We train neural networks for a selection of partonic channels contributing at the tree-level to $Z+4,5$ jets and $t\bar{t}+3,4$ jets production at the LHC which necessitates a generalisation of the dipole emulation model to include initial state partons as well as massive final state quarks. We also present first steps towards the emulation of colour-sampled amplitudes. We incorporate these emulations as fast and accurate surrogates in a two-stage rejection sampling algorithm within the SHERPA Monte Carlo that yields unbiased unweighted events suitable for phenomenological analyses and post-processing in experimental workflows, e.g. as input to a time-consuming detector simulation. For the computational cost of unweighted events we achieve a reduction by factors between $16$ and $350$ for the considered channels.

  1 citation

• Holographic quantum scars

  Diego Liska, Vladimir Gritsev, Ward Vleeshouwers, Jiří Minář

  SciPost Phys. 15, 106 (2023) · published 20 September 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  We discuss a construction of quantum many-body scars in the context of holography. We consider two-dimensional conformal field theories and use their dynamical symmetries, naturally realized through the Virasoro algebra, to construct scarred states. By studying their Loschmidt amplitude, we evaluate the states' periodic properties. A geometrical interpretation allows us to compute the expectation value of the stress tensor and entanglement entropy of these scarred states. We show that their holographic dual is related by a diffeomorphism to empty AdS, even for energies above the black hole threshold. We also demonstrate that expectation values in the scarred states are generally non-thermal and that their entanglement entropy grows with the energy as $\log(E)$ in contrast to $\sqrt{E}$ for the typical (bulk) states. Furthermore, we identify fixed points on the CFT plane associated with divergent or vanishing entanglement entropy in the limit where the scarred states have infinite energy.

  7 citations

• The Asymptotically Safe Standard Model: From quantum gravity to dynamical chiral symmetry breaking

  Álvaro Pastor-Gutiérrez, Jan M. Pawlowski, Manuel Reichert

  SciPost Phys. 15, 105 (2023) · published 20 September 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  We present a comprehensive non-perturbative study of the phase structure of the asymptotically safe Standard Model. The physics scales included range from the asymptotically safe trans-Planckian regime in the ultraviolet, the intermediate high-energy regime with electroweak symmetry breaking to strongly correlated QCD in the infrared. All flows are computed with a self-consistent functional renormalisation group approach, using a vertex expansion in the fluctuation fields. In particular, this approach takes care of all physical threshold effects and the respective decoupling of ultraviolet degrees of freedom. Standard Model and gravity couplings and masses are fixed by their experimental low energy values. Importantly, we accommodate for the difference between the top pole mass and its Euclidean analogue. Both, the correct mass determination and the threshold effects have a significant impact on the qualitative properties, and in particular on the stability properties of the specific ultraviolet-infrared trajectory with experimental Standard Model physics in the infrared. We show that in the present rather advanced approximation the matter part of the asymptotically safe Standard Model has the same number of relevant parameters as the Standard Model, and is asymptotically free. This result is based on the novel UV fixed point found in the present work: the fixed point Higgs potential is flat but has two relevant directions. These results and their analysis are accompanied by a thorough discussion of the systematic error of the present truncation, also important for systematic improvements.

  6 citations

• Lepton pair production at NNLO in QED with EW effects

  Sophie Kollatzsch, Yannick Ulrich

  SciPost Phys. 15, 104 (2023) · published 20 September 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  We present a fully differential calculation of lepton pair production, taking into account the dominant next-to-next-to-leading order QED corrections as well as next-to-leading order electroweak and polarisation effects. We include all lepton masses, hard photon emission, as well as non-perturbative hadronic corrections. The corresponding matrix elements are implemented in the Monte Carlo framework McMule. In order to obtain a numerically stable implementation, we extend next-to-soft stabilisation, a universal technique based on a next-to-leading-power expansion, to calculations with polarised leptons. As an example, we show results tailored to the Belle II detector with the current setup as well as a potential future configuration that includes polarised beams.

  2 citations

• Bethe-state counting and Witten index

  Hongfei Shu, Peng Zhao, Rui-Dong Zhu, Hao Zou

  SciPost Phys. 15, 103 (2023) · published 19 September 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  We count the physical Bethe states of quantum integrable models with twisted boundary conditions using the Witten index of 2d supersymmetric gauge theories. For multi-component models solvable by the nested Bethe ansatz, the result is a novel restricted occupancy problem. For the SU(3) spin chain and the t-J model, we propose formulae for the solution count on singular loci in the space of twist parameters.

• Adaptive variational quantum minimally entangled typical thermal states for finite temperature simulations

  João C. Getelina, Niladri Gomes, Thomas Iadecola, Peter P. Orth, Yong-Xin Yao

  SciPost Phys. 15, 102 (2023) · published 19 September 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  Scalable quantum algorithms for the simulation of quantum many-body systems in thermal equilibrium are important for predicting properties of quantum matter at finite temperatures. Here we describe and benchmark a quantum computing version of the minimally entangled typical thermal states (METTS) algorithm for which we adopt an adaptive variational approach to perform the required quantum imaginary time evolution. The algorithm, which we name AVQMETTS, dynamically generates compact and problem-specific quantum circuits, which are suitable for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware. We benchmark AVQMETTS on statevector simulators and perform thermal energy calculations of integrable and nonintegrable quantum spin models in one and two dimensions and demonstrate an approximately linear system-size scaling of the circuit complexity. We further map out the finite-temperature phase transition line of the two-dimensional transverse field Ising model. Finally, we study the impact of noise on AVQMETTS calculations using a phenomenological noise model.

  5 citations

• UV completion of extradimensional Yang-Mills theory for Gauge-Higgs unification

  Álvaro Pastor-Gutiérrez, Masatoshi Yamada

  SciPost Phys. 15, 101 (2023) · published 19 September 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  The $SU(N)$ Yang-Mills theory in $\mathbb R^4\times S^1$ spacetime is studied as a simple toy model of Gauge-Higgs unification. The theory is perturbatively nonrenormalizable but could be formulated as an asymptotically safe theory, namely a nonperturbatively renormalizable theory. We study the fixed point structure of the Yang-Mills theory in $\mathbb R^4\times S^1$ by using the functional renormalization group in the background field approximation. We derive the functional flow equations for the gauge coupling and the background gauge-field potential. There exists a nontrivial fixed point for both couplings at finite compactification radii. At the fixed point, gauge coupling and vacuum energy are both relevant. The renormalization group flow of the gauge coupling describes the smooth transition between the ultraviolet asymptotically safe regime and the strong interacting infrared limit.

• Multiple Andreev reflections in diffusive SINIS and SIFIS junctions

  Artem V. Polkin, Pavel A. Ioselevich

  SciPost Phys. 15, 100 (2023) · published 18 September 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  We study Multiple Andreev Reflections in long diffusive superconductor(S)-normal metal(N)-superconductor junctions with low-transparency interfaces. Assuming strong thermalization in the weak link, we calculate the current-voltage dependence $I(V)$. At intermediate temperatures, $\varepsilon_\mathrm{Th}\ll T\ll\Delta$, the current is dominated by noncoherent multiple Andreev reflections and is obtained analytically. The results are generalized to a ferromagnetic junction. We find that the exchange field produces a non-trivial splitting of the subharmonic gap structure. This effect relies on thermalization and vanishes in SFS junctions with no energy relaxation in the weak link.

• Fluctuation based interpretable analysis scheme for quantum many-body snapshots

  Henning Schlömer, Annabelle Bohrdt

  SciPost Phys. 15, 099 (2023) · published 18 September 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  Microscopically understanding and classifying phases of matter is at the heart of strongly-correlated quantum physics. With quantum simulations, genuine projective measurements (snapshots) of the many-body state can be taken, which include the full information of correlations in the system. The rise of deep neural networks has made it possible to routinely solve abstract processing and classification tasks of large datasets, which can act as a guiding hand for quantum data analysis. However, though proven to be successful in differentiating between different phases of matter, conventional neural networks mostly lack interpretability on a physical footing. Here, we combine confusion learning [Nat. Phys. 13, 435 (2017)] with correlation convolutional neural networks [Nat. Commun. 12, 3905 (2021)], which yields fully interpretable phase detection in terms of correlation functions. In particular, we study thermodynamic properties of the 2D Heisenberg model, whereby the trained network is shown to pick up qualitative changes in the snapshots above and below a characteristic temperature where magnetic correlations become significantly long-range. We identify the full counting statistics of nearest neighbor spin correlations as the most important quantity for the decision process of the neural network, which go beyond averages of local observables. With access to the fluctuations of second-order correlations — which indirectly include contributions from higher order, long-range correlations — the network is able to detect changes of the specific heat and spin susceptibility, the latter being in analogy to magnetic properties of the pseudogap phase in high-temperature superconductors [Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 957 (1989)]. By combining the confusion learning scheme with transformer neural networks, our work opens new directions in interpretable quantum image processing being sensible to long-range order.

• Internal boundaries of the loop amplituhedron

  Gabriele Dian, Paul Heslop, Alastair Stewart

  SciPost Phys. 15, 098 (2023) · published 18 September 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  The strict definition of positive geometry implies that all maximal residues of its canonical form are $± 1$. We observe, however, that the loop integrand of the amplitude in planar ${\cal N}=4$ super Yang-Mills has maximal residues not equal to $± 1$. We find the reason for this is that deep in the boundary structure of the loop amplituhedron there are geometries which contain internal boundaries: codimension one defects separating two regions of opposite orientation. This phenomenon requires a generalisation of the concept of positive geometry and canonical form to include such internal boundaries and also suggests the utility of a further generalisation to `weighted positive geometries'. We re-examine the deepest cut of ${\cal N}=4$ amplitudes in light of this and obtain new all order residues.

  2 citations