Axel Cortés Cubero, Robert M. Konik, Máté Lencsés, Giuseppe Mussardo, Gabor Takács
SciPost Phys. 12, 162 (2022) ·
published 16 May 2022
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The thermal deformation of the critical point action of the 2D tricritical
Ising model gives rise to an exact scattering theory with seven massive
excitations based on the exceptional $E_7$ Lie algebra. The high and low
temperature phases of this model are related by duality. This duality
guarantees that the leading and sub-leading magnetisation operators,
$\sigma(x)$ and $\sigma'(x)$, in either phase are accompanied by associated
disorder operators, $\mu(x)$ and $\mu'(x)$. Working specifically in the high
temperature phase, we write down the sets of bootstrap equations for these four
operators. For $\sigma(x)$ and $\sigma'(x)$, the equations are identical in
form and are parameterised by the values of the one-particle form factors of
the two lightest $\mathbb{Z}_2$ odd particles. Similarly, the equations for
$\mu(x)$ and $\mu'(x)$ have identical form and are parameterised by two
elementary form factors. Using the clustering property, we show that these four
sets of solutions are eventually not independent; instead, the parameters of
the solutions for $\sigma(x)/\sigma'(x)$ are fixed in terms of those for
$\mu(x)/\mu'(x)$. We use the truncated conformal space approach to confirm
numerically the derived expressions of the matrix elements as well as the
validity of the $\Delta$-sum rule as applied to the off-critical correlators.
We employ the derived form factors of the order and disorder operators to
compute the exact dynamical structure factors of the theory, a set of
quantities with a rich spectroscopy which may be directly tested in future
inelastic neutron or Raman scattering experiments.
SciPost Phys. 8, 004 (2020) ·
published 13 January 2020
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Within the generalized hydrodynamics (GHD) formalism for quantum integrable
models, it is possible to compute simple expressions for a number of
correlation functions at the Eulerian scale. Specializing to integrable
relativistic field theories, we show the same correlators can be computed as a
sum over form factors, the GHD regime corresponding to the leading contribution
with one particle-hole pair on a finite energy-density background. The
thermodynamic bootstrap program (TBP) formalism was recently introduced as an
axiomatic approach to computing such finite-energy-density form factors for
integrable field theories. We derive a new axiom within the TBP formalism from
which we easily recover the predicted GHD Eulerian correlators. We also compute
higher form factor contributions, with more particle-hole pairs, within the
TBP, allowing for the computation of correlation functions in the diffusive,
and beyond, GHD regimes. The two particle-hole form factors agree with
expressions recently conjectured within the~GHD.
SciPost Phys. 5, 025 (2018) ·
published 21 September 2018
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In (1+1)-dimensional quantum field theory, integrability is typically defined
as the existence of an infinite number of local charges of different Lorentz
spin, which commute with the Hamiltonian. A well known consequence of
integrability is that scattering of particles is elastic and factorizable.
These properties are the basis for the bootstrap program, which leads to the
exact computation of S-matrices and form factors. We consider
periodically-driven field theories, whose stroboscopic time-evolution is
described by a Floquet Hamiltonian. It was recently proposed by Gritsev and
Polkovnikov that it is possible for some form of integrability to be preserved
even in driven systems. If a driving protocol exists such that the Floquet
Hamiltonian is integrable (such that there is an infinite number of local and
independent charges, a subset of which are parity-even, that commute with it),
we show that there are strong conditions on the stroboscopic time evolution of
particle trajectories, analogous to S-matrix elasticity and factorization. We
propose a new set of axioms for the time evolution of particles which outline a
new bootstrap program, which can be used to identify and classify integrable
Floquet protocols. We present some simple examples of driving protocols where
Floquet integrability is manifest; in particular, we also show that under
certain conditions, some integrable protocols proposed by Gritsev and
Polkovnikov are solutions of our new bootstrap equations.
SciPost Phys. 4, 016 (2018) ·
published 27 March 2018
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At thermal equilibrium, the concept of effective central charge for massive
deformations of two-dimensional conformal field theories (CFT) is well
understood, and can be defined by comparing the partition function of the
massive model to that of a CFT. This temperature-dependent effective charge
interpolates monotonically between the central charge values corresponding to
the IR and UV fixed points at low and high temperatures, respectively. We
propose a non-equilibrium, time-dependent generalization of the effective
central charge for integrable models after a quantum quench, $c_{\rm eff}(t)$,
obtained by comparing the return amplitude to that of a CFT quench. We study
this proposal for a large mass quench of a free boson, where the charge is seen
to interpolate between $c_{\rm eff}=0$ at $t=0$, and $c_{\rm eff}\sim 1$ at
$t\to\infty$, as is expected. We use our effective charge to define an "Ising
to Tricritical Ising" quench protocol, where the charge evolves from $c_{\rm
eff}=1/2$ at $t=0$, to $c_{\rm eff}=7/10$ at $t\to\infty$, the corresponding
values of the first two unitary minimal CFT models. We then argue that the
inverse "Tricritical Ising to Ising" quench is impossible with our methods.
These conclusions can be generalized for quenches between any two adjacent
unitary minimal CFT models. We finally study a large mass quench into the
"staircase model" (sinh-Gordon with a particular complex coupling). At short
times after the quench, the effective central charge increases in a discrete
"staircase" structure, where the values of the charge at the steps can be
computed in terms of the central charges of unitary minimal CFT models. When
the initial state is a pure state, one always finds that $c_{\rm
eff}(t\to\infty)\geq c_{\rm eff}(t=0)$, though $c_{\rm eff}(t)$, generally
oscillates at finite times. We explore how this constraint may be related to RG
flow irreversibility.
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