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Sailing past the End of the World and discovering the Island
by Tarek Anous, Marco Meineri, Pietro Pelliconi, Julian Sonner
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Submission summary
| Authors (as registered SciPost users): | Tarek Anous · Marco Meineri · Pietro Pelliconi · Julian Sonner |
| Submission information | |
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| Preprint Link: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.11718v2 (pdf) |
| Date submitted: | 2022-05-09 14:23 |
| Submitted by: | Pelliconi, Pietro |
| Submitted to: | SciPost Physics |
| Ontological classification | |
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| Academic field: | Physics |
| Specialties: |
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| Approach: | Theoretical |
Abstract
Large black holes in anti-de Sitter space have positive specific heat and do not evaporate. In order to mimic the behavior of evaporating black holes, one may couple the system to an external bath. In this paper we explore a rich family of such models, namely ones obtained by coupling two holographic CFTs along a shared interface (ICFTs). We focus on the limit where the bulk solution is characterized by a thin brane separating the two individual duals. These systems may be interpreted in a double holographic way, where one integrates out the bath and ends up with a lower-dimensional gravitational braneworld dual to the interface degrees of freedom. Our setup has the advantage that all observables can be defined and calculated by only relying on standard rules of AdS/CFT. We exploit this to establish a number of general results, relying on a detailed analysis of the geodesics in the bulk. Firstly, we prove that the entropy of Hawking radiation in the braneworld is obtained by extremizing the generalized entropy, and moreover that at late times a so-called `island saddle' gives the dominant contribution. We also derive Takayanagi's prescription for calculating entanglement entropies in BCFTs as a limit of our ICFT results.
Current status:
Reports on this Submission
Report #2 by Jorrit Kruthoff (Referee 2) on 2022-6-6 (Invited Report)
- Cite as: Jorrit Kruthoff, Report on arXiv:2202.11718v2, delivered 2022-06-06, doi: 10.21468/SciPost.Report.5190
Report
This manuscript considers the calculation of entanglement entropies in two conformal field theories joint through an interface. The interface is permeable and allows for information to be exchanged between the two sides. The authors consider the CFTs to be holographic, which results in a bulk theory that consists of two AdS spaces with different curvature radii separated by a thin brane. One can also consider integrating out the bulk AdS degrees of freedom so that one gets an effective gravitational theory on the brane. Using these three different perspectives, the authors are able to derive the island formula in the perspective with the gravitating brane just using standard rules for AdS/CFT.
The manuscript is clear and contains many explicit calculation. I think it is valuable to see how the island rule emerges from standard rules of AdS/CFT.
I think the manuscript should be published, but I had some questions purely for my own interest and it would be great if the authors could give some comments.
1) In your setup, can I think of the Page transition where the Hawking and replica saddle change dominance as the same as the transition for a two-interval entanglement entropy? If so, I find it amusing to see this so explicitly in your setup.
2) I was a bit confused to what extend you now have a setup that can go beyond the usual island rule because you can just use the standard AdS/CFT rules. Is it that you can consider more general states? It would be great if the authors could comment on this.
3) I know at least a subset of the authors is a de Sitter afficionado, so I was wondering whether this setup can also be used to study islands in cosmology. I guess there the derivation of the RT prescription is already conjectural, but nevertheless it would be interesting to study. Is the bulk now separated by a timelike brane in this case?
Report #1 by Anonymous (Referee 1) on 2022-5-31 (Invited Report)
- Cite as: Anonymous, Report on arXiv:2202.11718v2, delivered 2022-05-31, doi: 10.21468/SciPost.Report.5158
Strengths
1 - Gives intuitive arguments for prescriptions to calculate holographic BCFT and island contributions to entanglement
2 - Arguments rely on simple geometry
3 - Well written and pedagogical
4 - Clear figures
Weaknesses
1 - Somewhat minimal variation on existing work in double holographic methods for entanglement entropies
2 - Restricted to 2D holographic CFTs and thin brane approximation
Report
In this work, the authors construct holographic duals to two-dimensional “interface CFTs,” (ICFTs) which describe the coupling of two CFTs with large and potentially different central charges at an interface or defect. The gravitational picture is that of two patches of AdS_3 with potentially different radii (identified with the two different Brown-Henneaux central charges) which meet along a brane described by standard Israel-Lanczos matching conditions. These conditions lead to a transparent interface which allows for non-zero correlations between operators in the separate CFTs. The authors then proceed to describe a procedure for obtaining two-point functions of heavy operators and the entanglement entropy of subregions of the ICFTs, both of which are described by geodesics in the bulk. The necessary criteria they derive for such geodesics is that they must be continuous and normal to the brane at the bulk AdS interface. By then considering certain limits and interpretations of this setup, the authors explain the appearance of islands in the computation of the generalized entropy in AdS_2 and the resulting Page curve for evaporating black holes as well as the procedure for obtaining the entanglement entropy in a holographic BCFT. The most important point of the work is that the criteria for the geodesics with a thin brane interface follows from smoothness of the bulk and the well-established HRT procedure for entanglement entropy.
I find the paper to be well written and pedagogical. Furthermore, the use of AdS_3 allows the geodesics to be obtained from simple geometry, making the results clear and unobjectionable.
The obvious drawback, which the authors emphasize, is that AdS_3 is a special case of holography, where, in particular, some objections due to massive gravitons and braneworlds cannot be addressed. Nevertheless, because the results of the paper rely mostly on the HRT procedure, for which a proof exists in the literature, it is likely some version of their construction continues to hold in higher dimensions. This is important evidence for the applicability of the so-called island formula in higher dimensions. Another drawback, as the authors similarly point out, is that the coincidence of the RT procedure and the interface boundary conditions do not allow brane-localized degrees of freedom, though from the CFT point of view, such degrees of freedom should exist generically. Nevertheless, to address this in detail is likely beyond the scope of this work, though if the authors had any speculative ideas in this direction, I would be curious to hear them.
Requested changes
The paper needs some editing for typos and repeated words, for instance:
1 - on p.34, "in the large tension limit" is repeated
2- p.40 "at last" to "at least"
Author: Pietro Pelliconi on 2022-06-28 [id 2612]
(in reply to Report 1 on 2022-05-31)We thank the referee for their valuable comments and questions, and for pointing out typos. The question about the addition of localized degrees of freedom on the brane is interesting. One option is to add JT gravity on the brane, but this choice is non-unique and, more generally, one could couple gravitationally an interacting 2d quantum field theory. The new degrees of freedom would correspond to local (single and multi-trace) interface operators in the dual ICFT. However, it is worth pointing out that the model analyzed in the paper already contains a non-trivial spectrum of interface operators, whose quantum numbers depend on the brane tension. In this sense, we do not expect the physics to change qualitatively. Certainly, it would be interesting to perform computations in explicit models and explore how the Page curve depends on the additional parameters.
Author: Pietro Pelliconi on 2022-06-28 [id 2613]
(in reply to Report 2 by Jorrit Kruthoff on 2022-06-06)We thank the referee for their valuable comments and questions. We address them in the following, numbering our answers in correspondence with the referee’s questions.
1) This is correct, and indeed it is an important feature of the double holographic realizations of Page curves. In our work, unlike in previous work on the subject, the RT surface after the transition is not fixed by conformal symmetry, or equivalently, by the identity in the OPE. Instead, it contains dynamical information, which is encoded in a non trivial function of a cross ratio.
2) Our main interest in the present paper is to provide a derivation of the island rule in a setup where the symmetries do not fix the result. Therefore, the match between the 2d and the 3d computations lends strong support to the rule as it is. Nevertheless, the referee is correct that the model might allow to inquire about possible corrections to the island rule. Indeed, the brane tension parametrizes the strength of the gravitational coupling on the brane, while the 3d theory is semi-classical for all values of the tension. Trying to reproduce the 3d computation in the 2d perspective, when tuning the tension away from the critical value, could teach us more about entanglement in gravity.
3) To our knowledge, this has not been explored much in the literature, but it might be possible. In particular, an interesting feature of the brane-world models is that the geometry on the brane can be (global) de Sitter, for appropriate (beyond critical) values of the tension and Lorentzian bulks. An alternative avenue might be to try to embed the centaur geometry of Anninos and Hofman in the ICFT framework, where we have in mind (only) the static patch of de Sitter living on the brane. Since this would require a drastic change to the setup discussed in our paper, we leave this possibility to future work.