SciPost Submission Page
Anomaly inflow for CSS and fractonic lattice models and dualities via cluster state measurement
by Takuya Okuda, Aswin Parayil Mana, Hiroki Sukeno
Submission summary
| Authors (as registered SciPost users): | Takuya Okuda · Aswin Parayil Mana · Hiroki Sukeno |
| Submission information | |
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| Preprint Link: | scipost_202406_00026v2 (pdf) |
| Date submitted: | 2024-09-17 04:10 |
| Submitted by: | Parayil Mana, Aswin |
| Submitted to: | SciPost Physics |
| Ontological classification | |
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| Academic field: | Physics |
| Specialties: |
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| Approach: | Theoretical |
Abstract
Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes are a class of quantum error correction codes that contains the toric code and fracton models. A procedure called foliation defines a cluster state for a given CSS code.We use the CSS chain complex and its tensor product with other chain complexes to describe the topological structure in the foliated cluster state, and argue that it has a symmetry-protected topological order protected by generalized global symmetries supported on cycles in the foliated CSS chain complex. We demonstrate the so-called anomaly inflow between CSS codes and corresponding foliated cluster states by explicitly showing the equality of the gauge transformations of the bulk and boundary partition functions defined as functionals of defect world-volumes. We show that the bulk and boundary defects are related via measurement of the bulk system. Further, we provide a procedure to obtain statistical models associated with general CSS codes via the foliated cluster state, and derive a generalization of the Kramers-Wannier-Wegner duality for such statistical models with insertion of twist defects. We also study the measurement-assisted gauging method with cluster-state entanglers for CSS/fracton models based on recent proposals in the literature, and demonstrate a non-invertible fusion of duality operators. Using the cluster-state entanglers, we construct the so-called strange correlator for general CSS/fracton models. Finally, we introduce a new family of subsystem-symmetric quantum models each of which is self-dual under the generalized Kramers-Wannier-Wegner duality transformation, which becomes a non-invertible symmetry.
Author indications on fulfilling journal expectations
- Provide a novel and synergetic link between different research areas.
- Open a new pathway in an existing or a new research direction, with clear potential for multi-pronged follow-up work
- Detail a groundbreaking theoretical/experimental/computational discovery
- Present a breakthrough on a previously-identified and long-standing research stumbling block
Author comments upon resubmission
We thank the two referees for positive assessment and useful suggestions on our manuscript. We have improved it accordingly. A major update is that we have expanded Introduction to illuminate our key results using the toric code and its foliation, namely, the Raussendorf-Bravyi-Harrington model. We also improved explanations of mathematical notations. We hope they find our updated manuscript suitable for publication.
Reply to Report 1: 1. [Referee comment] However, I think a major weakness of the paper is that it started the discussion from the very beginning using a sophisticated chain-complex formalism. The chain-complex language is a powerful language for discussing CSS codes, but not every one is familiar with it. (…) It would be very helpful if the authors can use one (or two) example to illustrate the various ideas introduced in the paper (SPT order, anomaly inflow, duality etc). Right now, examples are clustered in later sections and different parts use different examples. [Our reply] We thank the reviewer for a useful suggestion. We included a new section “1.2 Example: the toric code and the RBH model” to explain and summarize our key results using a prominent example. In this new section, we avoided using chain complex machinery to enhance accessibility.
- [Referee comment] To make things worse, notations are not always well-defined. For example, section 2.2 started by talking about "objects assigned to qubits i". It is not clear at all what these ojects are referring to. Basic terminologies associated with chain complex, like Ker, Im, and Hom, are not defined or explained. [Our reply] We thank the reviewer for useful comments. We added explanations to these concepts, in particular in Section 2.2. Please see the list of changes below.
Reply to Report 2: 1. [Referee comment] While the mathematical rigor is a strength, it may also make the paper challenging for readers not deeply familiar with algebraic topology and homological algebra. Some additional explanatory text or intuitive descriptions could help broaden the paper's audience. [Our reply] We thank the referee for pointing this out. We have added definitions of all the mathematical concepts which were undefined before. We also refer to the familiar toric code example to explain some concepts.
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[Referee comment] The paper is quite lengthy. Therefore, sometimes it is hard to comprehend the connection between different parts of the paper. The authors have a brief discussion of summary of results in the beginning. But a expansion of this part can better guide the readers. [Our reply] We thank the referee for suggesting to expand the summary of results. We have added a new subsection in the introduction with an illuminating example of the results we obtain in the main text. We illustrate the results using the example toric code and the RBH model.
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[Referee comment] The definition of strange correlator does not involve the notion of duality. In Section 4, the authors seem to make a connection between these two ideas. Can the authors elaborate the motivation for such connections preferably in the beginning of the section? [Our reply] We thank the referee for suggesting to include a connection between the strange correlator and duality. At the beginning of section 4.2, we have added a connection between the strange correlator and the symmetry topological field theory (SymTFT). As symmetry topological field theory is studied in the context of dualities, the strange correlator can be thought of as a natural tool to study dualities. We illustrate that the dualities obtained in our manuscript using strange correlator construction can be interpreted as changing the boundary condition in SymTFT.
List of changes
1. We made new subsections 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 in the Introduction. This is to explain our results by simple examples without using the rather technical chain complex machinery.
2. We modified the beginning of Section 2.2. We replaced ``objects'' by ``abstract symbols''. We also refer to the toric code example as an intuitive explanation.
3. Below (35), we added some words to clarify the concept of a dual group.
4. We added a new footnote (8) to define and explain Im, Ker, and Hom.
5. We edited footnotes (now 10 and 13) and cited the new subsections in the Introduction.
6. We changed the beginning of Section 4.2 to motivate the connection between strange correlators and dualities.
7. We added a sentence below (156).
8. We moved ``see Appendix D for a proof'' to above (155) to accommodate the new sentence and avoid confusion.
9. At the beginning of Section 4.2.1, we added ``which we have already discussed in Section 1.2.2 to refer to a new subsection.
10. At the beginning of Section 4.3, a new sentence starting with ``The special case of the RBH model was explained...'' and ``another'' were added to refer to a new subsection.
11. Near the end of Section 4.3, below (172), two paragraphs were added to clarify the relation between the strange correlator and dualities.
12. Near the end of Appendix D, below (257), two paragraphs were added to clarify the relation between the strange correlator and dualities.
13. After (255), ``and (254)'' was added.
14. A new figure (Figure 9) was added.
15. Two new references ([59] and [60]) were added.