SciPost logo

Conformal field theory for inhomogeneous one-dimensional quantum systems: the example of non-interacting Fermi gases

Jérôme Dubail, Jean-Marie Stéphan, Jacopo Viti, Pasquale Calabrese

SciPost Phys. 2, 002 (2017) · published 13 February 2017

Abstract

Conformal field theory (CFT) has been extremely successful in describing large-scale universal effects in one-dimensional (1D) systems at quantum critical points. Unfortunately, its applicability in condensed matter physics has been limited to situations in which the bulk is uniform because CFT describes low-energy excitations around some energy scale, taken to be constant throughout the system. However, in many experimental contexts, such as quantum gases in trapping potentials and in several out-of-equilibrium situations, systems are strongly inhomogeneous. We show here that the powerful CFT methods can be extended to deal with such 1D situations, providing a few concrete examples for non-interacting Fermi gases. The system's inhomogeneity enters the field theory action through parameters that vary with position; in particular, the metric itself varies, resulting in a CFT in curved space. This approach allows us to derive exact formulas for entanglement entropies which were not known by other means.

Cited by 148

Crossref Cited-by

Ontology / Topics

See full Ontology or Topics database.

Conformal field theory (CFT) Conformal field theory (CFT) in curved spaces Entanglement entropy Free fermions Out-of-equilibrium systems Quantum criticality Quantum gases Spatially inhomogeneous systems

Authors / Affiliations: mappings to Contributors and Organizations

See all Organizations.
Funders for the research work leading to this publication