Laser excitation of the 1s-hyperfine transition in muonic hydrogen

Amaro, Pedro; Adamczak, A.; Abdou Ahmed, M.; Affolter, L.; Amaro, F. D.; Carvalho, Patricia; Chen, T. -L.; Fernandes, L. M. P.; Ferro, M.; Goeldi, D.; Graf, T.; Guerra, M.; Hänsch, Theodor; Henriques, C. A. O.; Huang, Y. -C.; Indelicato, P.; Kara, O.; Kirch, Klaus; Knecht, Andreas; Kottmann, Franz; Liu, Y. -W.; Machado, Jorge; Marszalek, M.; Mano, R. D. P.; Monteiro, C. M. B.; Nez, F.; Nuber, J.; Ouf, A.; Paul, N.; Pohl, Randolf; Rapisarda, E.; dos Santos, J. M. F.; Santos, J. P.; Silva, P. A. O. C.; Sinkunaite, L.; Shy, J. -T.; Schuhmann, K.; Rajamohanan, S.; Soter, Anna; Sustelo, L.; Taqqu, David; Wang, L. -B.; Wauters, Frederik; Yzombard, P.; Zeyen, M.; Antognini, Aldo

doi:10.21468/SciPostPhys.13.2.020

SciPost Physics

Laser excitation of the 1s-hyperfine transition in muonic hydrogen

P. Amaro, A. Adamczak, M. Abdou Ahmed, L. Affolter, F. D. Amaro, P. Carvalho, T. -L. Chen, L. M. P. Fernandes, M. Ferro, D. Goeldi, T. Graf, M. Guerra, T. W. Hänsch, C. A. O. Henriques, Y. -C. Huang, P. Indelicato, O. Kara, K. Kirch, A. Knecht, F. Kottmann, Y. -W. Liu, J. Machado, M. Marszalek, R. D. P. Mano, C. M. B. Monteiro, F. Nez, J. Nuber, A. Ouf, N. Paul, R. Pohl, E. Rapisarda, J. M. F. dos Santos, J. P. Santos, P. A. O. C. Silva, L. Sinkunaite, J. -T. Shy, K. Schuhmann, S. Rajamohanan, A. Soter, L. Sustelo, D. Taqqu, L. -B. Wang, F. Wauters, P. Yzombard, M. Zeyen, A. Antognini

SciPost Phys. 13, 020 (2022) · published 15 August 2022

doi: 10.21468/SciPostPhys.13.2.020
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Abstract

The CREMA collaboration is pursuing a measurement of the ground-state hyperfine splitting (HFS) in muonic hydrogen ($\mu$p) with 1 ppm accuracy by means of pulsed laser spectroscopy to determine the two-photon-exchange contribution with $2\times10^{-4}$ relative accuracy. In the proposed experiment, the $\mu$p atom undergoes a laser excitation from the singlet hyperfine state to the triplet hyperfine state, then is quenched back to the singlet state by an inelastic collision with a H$_2$ molecule. The resulting increase of kinetic energy after the collisional deexcitation is used as a signature of a successful laser transition between hyperfine states. In this paper, we calculate the combined probability that a $\mu$p atom initially in the singlet hyperfine state undergoes a laser excitation to the triplet state followed by a collisional-induced deexcitation back to the singlet state. This combined probability has been computed using the optical Bloch equations including the inelastic and elastic collisions. Omitting the decoherence effects caused by the laser bandwidth and collisions would overestimate the transition probability by more than a factor of two in the experimental conditions. Moreover, we also account for Doppler effects and provide the matrix element, the saturation fluence, the elastic and inelastic collision rates for the singlet and triplet states, and the resonance linewidth. This calculation thus quantifies one of the key unknowns of the HFS experiment, leading to a precise definition of the requirements for the laser system and to an optimization of the hydrogen gas target where $\mu$p is formed and the laser spectroscopy will occur.

TY  - JOUR
PB  - SciPost Foundation
DO  - 10.21468/SciPostPhys.13.2.020
TI  - Laser excitation of the 1s-hyperfine transition in muonic hydrogen
PY  - 2022/08/15
UR  - https://scipost.org/SciPostPhys.13.2.020
JF  - SciPost Physics
JA  - SciPost Phys.
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
SP  - 020
A1  - Amaro, Pedro
AU  - Adamczak, A.
AU  - Abdou Ahmed, M.
AU  - Affolter, L.
AU  - Amaro, F. D.
AU  - Carvalho, Patricia
AU  - Chen, T. -L.
AU  - Fernandes, L. M. P.
AU  - Ferro, M.
AU  - Goeldi, D.
AU  - Graf, T.
AU  - Guerra, M.
AU  - Hänsch, Theodor
AU  - Henriques, C. A. O.
AU  - Huang, Y. -C.
AU  - Indelicato, P.
AU  - Kara, O.
AU  - Kirch, Klaus
AU  - Knecht, Andreas
AU  - Kottmann, Franz
AU  - Liu, Y. -W.
AU  - Machado, Jorge
AU  - Marszalek, M.
AU  - Mano, R. D. P.
AU  - Monteiro, C. M. B.
AU  - Nez, F.
AU  - Nuber, J.
AU  - Ouf, A.
AU  - Paul, N.
AU  - Pohl, Randolf
AU  - Rapisarda, E.
AU  - dos Santos, J. M. F.
AU  - Santos, J. P.
AU  - Silva, P. A. O. C.
AU  - Sinkunaite, L.
AU  - Shy, J. -T.
AU  - Schuhmann, K.
AU  - Rajamohanan, S.
AU  - Soter, Anna
AU  - Sustelo, L.
AU  - Taqqu, David
AU  - Wang, L. -B.
AU  - Wauters, Frederik
AU  - Yzombard, P.
AU  - Zeyen, M.
AU  - Antognini, Aldo
AB  - The CREMA collaboration is pursuing a measurement of the ground-state hyperfine splitting (HFS) in muonic hydrogen ($\mu$p) with 1 ppm accuracy by means of pulsed laser spectroscopy to determine the two-photon-exchange contribution with $2\times10^{-4}$ relative accuracy. In the proposed experiment, the $\mu$p atom undergoes a laser excitation from the singlet hyperfine state to the triplet hyperfine state, then is quenched back to the singlet state by an inelastic collision with a H$_2$ molecule. The resulting increase of kinetic energy after the collisional deexcitation is used as a signature of a successful laser transition between hyperfine states. In this paper, we calculate the combined probability that a $\mu$p atom initially in the singlet hyperfine state undergoes a laser excitation to the triplet state followed by a collisional-induced deexcitation back to the singlet state. This combined probability has been computed using the optical Bloch equations including the inelastic and elastic collisions. Omitting the decoherence effects caused by the laser bandwidth and collisions would overestimate the transition probability by more than a factor of two in the experimental conditions. Moreover, we also account for Doppler effects and provide the matrix element, the saturation fluence, the elastic and inelastic collision rates for the singlet and triplet states, and the resonance linewidth. This calculation thus quantifies one of the key unknowns of the HFS experiment, leading to a precise definition of the requirements for the laser system and to an optimization of the hydrogen gas target where $\mu$p is formed and the laser spectroscopy will occur.
ER  -

@Article{10.21468/SciPostPhys.13.2.020,
	title={{Laser excitation of the 1s-hyperfine transition in muonic hydrogen}},
	author={P. Amaro and A. Adamczak and M. Abdou Ahmed and L. Affolter and F. D. Amaro and P. Carvalho and T. -L. Chen and L. M. P. Fernandes and M. Ferro and D. Goeldi and T. Graf and M. Guerra and T. W. Hänsch and C. A. O. Henriques and Y. -C. Huang and P. Indelicato and O. Kara and K. Kirch and A. Knecht and F. Kottmann and Y. -W. Liu and J. Machado and M. Marszalek and R. D. P. Mano and C. M. B. Monteiro and F. Nez and J. Nuber and A. Ouf and N. Paul and R. Pohl and E. Rapisarda and J. M. F. dos Santos and J. P. Santos and P. A. O. C. Silva and L. Sinkunaite and J. -T. Shy and K. Schuhmann and S. Rajamohanan and A. Soter and L. Sustelo and D. Taqqu and L. -B. Wang and F. Wauters and P. Yzombard and M. Zeyen and A. Antognini},
	journal={SciPost Phys.},
	volume={13},
	pages={020},
	year={2022},
	publisher={SciPost},
	doi={10.21468/SciPostPhys.13.2.020},
	url={https://scipost.org/10.21468/SciPostPhys.13.2.020},
}

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Authors / Affiliations: mappings to Contributors and Organizations

See all Organizations.

¹ Pedro Amaro,
² A. Adamczak,
³ M. Abdou Ahmed,
⁴ L. Affolter,
⁵ F. D. Amaro,
¹ Patricia Carvalho,
⁶ T. -L. Chen,
⁵ L. M. P. Fernandes,
¹ M. Ferro,
⁴ D. Goeldi,
³ T. Graf,
¹ M. Guerra,
⁷ ⁸ Theodor Hänsch,
⁵ C. A. O. Henriques,
⁶ Y. -C. Huang,
⁹ P. Indelicato,
⁴ O. Kara,
⁴ ¹⁰ Klaus Kirch,
¹⁰ Andreas Knecht,
⁴ ¹⁰ Franz Kottmann,
⁶ Y. -W. Liu,
¹ Jorge Machado,
¹⁰ M. Marszalek,
⁵ R. D. P. Mano,
⁵ C. M. B. Monteiro,
⁹ F. Nez,
⁴ ¹⁰ J. Nuber,
¹¹ A. Ouf,
⁹ N. Paul,
¹¹ Randolf Pohl,
¹⁰ E. Rapisarda,
⁵ J. M. F. dos Santos,
¹ J. P. Santos,
⁵ P. A. O. C. Silva,
¹⁰ L. Sinkunaite,
⁶ J. -T. Shy,
⁴ K. Schuhmann,
¹¹ S. Rajamohanan,
⁴ Anna Soter,
¹ L. Sustelo,
⁴ ¹⁰ David Taqqu,
⁶ L. -B. Wang,
¹¹ Frederik Wauters,
⁹ P. Yzombard,
⁴ M. Zeyen,
⁴ ¹⁰ Aldo Antognini

Funders for the research work leading to this publication

Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR]
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft / German Research FoundationDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DFG]
European Research Council [ERC]
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (through Organization: Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia [FCT])
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung / Swiss National Science Foundation [SNF]