Publications

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Deep Set Auto Encoders for Anomaly Detection in Particle Physics

Bryan Ostdiek

SciPost Phys. 12, 045 (2022) · published 31 January 2022 | · pdf

There is an increased interest in model agnostic search strategies for physics beyond the standard model at the Large Hadron Collider. We introduce a Deep Set Variational Autoencoder and present results on the Dark Machines Anomaly Score Challenge. We find that the method attains the best anomaly detection ability when there is no decoding step for the network, and the anomaly score is based solely on the representation within the encoded latent space. This method was one of the top-performing models in the Dark Machines Challenge, both for the open data sets as well as the blinded data sets.

31 citations
$T\bar{T}$ in JT Gravity and BF Gauge Theory

Stephen Ebert, Christian Ferko, Hao-Yu Sun, Zhengdi Sun

SciPost Phys. 13, 096 (2022) · published 13 October 2022 | · pdf

JT gravity has a first-order formulation as a two-dimensional BF theory, which can be viewed as the dimensional reduction of the Chern-Simons description of $3d$ gravity. We consider $T\bar{T}$-type deformations of the $(0+1)$-dimensional dual to this $2d$ BF theory and interpret the deformation as a modification of the BF theory boundary conditions. The fundamental observables in this deformed BF theory, and in its $3d$ Chern-Simons lift, are Wilson lines and loops. In the $3d$ Chern-Simons setting, we study modifications to correlators involving boundary-anchored Wilson lines which are induced by a $T\bar{T}$ deformation on the $2d$ boundary; results are presented at both the classical level (using modified boundary conditions) and the quantum-mechanical level (using conformal perturbation theory). Finally, we calculate the analogous deformed Wilson line correlators in $2d$ BF theory below the Hagedorn temperature where the principal series dominates over the discrete series.

31 citations
Holography for people with no time

Henry W. Lin, Juan Maldacena, Liza Rozenberg, Jieru Shan

SciPost Phys. 14, 150 (2023) · published 12 June 2023 | · pdf

We study the gravitational description of extremal supersymmetric black holes. We point out that the $AdS_2$ near horizon geometry can be used to compute interesting observables, such as correlation functions of operators. In this limit, the Hamiltonian is zero and correlation functions are time independent. We discuss some possible implications for the gravity description of black hole microstates. We also compare with numerical results in a supersymmetric version of SYK. These results can also be interpreted as providing a construction of wormholes joining two extremal black holes. This is the short version of a longer and more technical companion paper [SciPost Phys. 14, 128 (2023)].

31 citations
How to understand limitations of generative networks

Ranit Das, Luigi Favaro, Theo Heimel, Claudius Krause, Tilman Plehn, David Shih

SciPost Phys. 16, 031 (2024) · published 25 January 2024 | · pdf

Well-trained classifiers and their complete weight distributions provide us with a well-motivated and practicable method to test generative networks in particle physics. We illustrate their benefits for distribution-shifted jets, calorimeter showers, and reconstruction-level events. In all cases, the classifier weights make for a powerful test of the generative network, identify potential problems in the density estimation, relate them to the underlying physics, and tie in with a comprehensive precision and uncertainty treatment for generative networks.

31 citations
Superintegrable cellular automata and dual unitary gates from Yang-Baxter maps

Tamás Gombor, Balázs Pozsgay

SciPost Phys. 12, 102 (2022) · published 22 March 2022 | · pdf

We consider one dimensional block cellular automata, where the local update rules are given by Yang-Baxter maps, which are set theoretical solutions of the Yang-Baxter equations. We show that such systems are superintegrable: they possess an exponentially large set of conserved local charges, such that the charge densities propagate ballistically on the chain. For these quantities we observe a complete absence of "operator spreading". In addition, the models can also have other local charges which are conserved only additively. We discuss concrete models up to local dimensions $N\le 4$, and show that they give rise to rich physical behaviour, including non-trivial scattering of particles and the coexistence of ballistic and diffusive transport. We find that the local update rules are classical versions of the "dual unitary gates" if the Yang-Baxter maps are non-degenerate. We discuss consequences of dual unitarity, and we also discuss a family of dual unitary gates obtained by a non-integrable quantum mechanical deformation of the Yang-Baxter maps.

31 citations
Exact relaxation to Gibbs and non-equilibrium steady states in the quantum cellular automaton Rule 54

Katja Klobas, Bruno Bertini

SciPost Phys. 11, 106 (2021) · published 20 December 2021 | · pdf

We study the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the quantum cellular automaton Rule 54 using a time-channel approach. We exhibit a family of (non-equilibrium) product states for which we are able to describe exactly the full relaxation dynamics. We use this to prove that finite subsystems relax to a one-parameter family of Gibbs states. We also consider inhomogeneous quenches. Specifically, we show that when the two halves of the system are prepared in two different solvable states, finite subsystems at finite distance from the centre eventually relax to the non-equilibrium steady state (NESS) predicted by generalised hydrodynamics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first exact description of the relaxation to a NESS in an interacting system and, therefore, the first independent confirmation of generalised hydrodynamics for an inhomogeneous quench.

31 citations
Hyperbolic compactification of M-theory and de Sitter quantum gravity

Giuseppe Bruno De Luca, Eva Silverstein, Gonzalo Torroba

SciPost Phys. 12, 083 (2022) · published 4 March 2022 | · pdf

We present a mechanism for accelerated expansion of the universe in the generic case of negative-curvature compactifications of M-theory, with minimal ingredients. M-theory on a hyperbolic manifold with small closed geodesics supporting Casimir energy -- along with a single classical source (7-form flux) -- contains an immediate 3-term structure for volume stabilization at positive potential energy. Hyperbolic manifolds are well-studied mathematically, with an important rigidity property at fixed volume. They and their Dehn fillings to more general Einstein spaces exhibit explicit discrete parameters that yield small closed geodesics supporting Casimir energy. The off-shell effective potential derived by M. Douglas incorporates the warped product structure via the constraints of general relativity, screening negative energy. Analyzing the fields sourced by the localized Casimir energy and the available discrete choices of manifolds and fluxes, we find a regime where the net curvature, Casimir energy, and flux compete at large radius and stabilize the volume. Further metric and form field deformations are highly constrained by hyperbolic rigidity and warping effects, leading to calculations giving strong indications of a positive Hessian, and residual tadpoles are small. We test this via explicit back reacted solutions and perturbations in patches including the Dehn filling regions, initiate a neural network study of further aspects of the internal fields, and derive a Maldacena-Nunez style no-go theorem for Anti-de Sitter extrema. A simple generalization incorporating 4-form flux produces axion monodromy inflation. As a relatively simple de Sitter uplift of the large-N M2-brane theory, the construction applies to de Sitter holography as well as to cosmological modeling, and introduces new connections between mathematics and the physics of string/M theory compactifications.

31 citations
Exact results for duality-covariant integrated correlators in $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM with general classical gauge groups

Daniele Dorigoni, Michael B. Green, Congkao Wen

SciPost Phys. 13, 092 (2022) · published 11 October 2022 | · pdf

We present exact expressions for certain integrated correlators of four superconformal primary operators in the stress tensor multiplet of $\cN=4$ supersymmetric Yang--Mills (SYM) theory with classical gauge group, $G_N$ $= SO(2N)$, $SO(2N+1)$, $USp(2N)$. These integrated correlators are expressed as two-dimensional lattice sums by considering derivatives of the localised partition functions, generalising the expression obtained for $SU(N)$ \mbg{gauge group} in our previous works. These expressions are manifestly covariant under Goddard-Nuyts-Olive duality. The integrated correlators can also be formally written as infinite sums of non-holomorphic Eisenstein series with integer indices and rational coefficients. Furthermore, the action of the hyperbolic Laplace operator with respect to the complex coupling $\tau=\theta/(2\pi) + 4\pi i /g^2_{_{YM}}$ on any integrated correlator for gauge group $G_N$ relates it to a linear combination of correlators with gauge groups $G_{N+1}$, $G_N$ and $G_{N-1}$. These ``Laplace-difference equations'' determine the expressions of integrated correlators for all classical gauge groups for any value of $N$ in terms of the correlator for the gauge group $SU(2)$. The perturbation expansions of these integrated correlators for any finite value of $N$ agree with properties obtained from perturbative Yang--Mills quantum field theory, together with various multi-instanton calculations which are also shown to agree with those determined by supersymmetric localisation. The coefficients of terms in the large-$N$ expansion are sums of non-holomorphic Eisenstein series with half-integer indices, which extend recent results and make contact with low order terms in the low energy expansion of type IIB superstring theory in an $AdS_5\times S^5/\mathbb{Z}_2$ background.

31 citations
Entanglement Entropy in Lifshitz Theories

Temple He, Javier M. Magan, Stefan Vandoren

SciPost Phys. 3, 034 (2017) · published 16 November 2017 | · pdf

We discuss and compute entanglement entropy (EE) in (1+1)-dimensional free Lifshitz scalar field theories with arbitrary dynamical exponents. We consider both the subinterval and periodic sublattices in the discretized theory as subsystems. In both cases, we are able to analytically demonstrate that the EE grows linearly as a function of the dynamical exponent. Furthermore, for the subinterval case, we determine that as the dynamical exponent increases, there is a crossover from an area law to a volume law. Lastly, we deform Lifshitz field theories with certain relevant operators and show that the EE decreases from the ultraviolet to the infrared fixed point, giving evidence for a possible $c$-theorem for deformed Lifshitz theories.

31 citations
Volume-preserving diffeomorphism as nonabelian higher-rank gauge symmetry

Yi-Hsien Du, Umang Mehta, Dung Xuan Nguyen, Dam Thanh Son

SciPost Phys. 12, 050 (2022) · published 2 February 2022 | · pdf

We propose nonabelian higher-rank gauge theories in 2+1D and 3+1D. The gauge group is constructed from the volume-preserving diffeomorphisms of space. We show that the intriguing physics of the lowest Landau level (LLL) limit can be interpreted as the consequences of the symmetry. We derive the renowned Girvin-MacDonald-Platzman (GMP) algebra as well as the topological Wen-Zee term within our formalism. Using the gauge symmetry in 2+1D, we derive the LLL effective action of vortex crystal in rotating Bose gas as well as Wigner crystal of electron in an applied magnetic field. We show that the non-linear sigma models of ferromagnet in 2+1D and 3+1D exhibit the higher-rank gauge symmetries that we introduce in this paper. We interpret the fractonic behavior of the excitations on the lowest Landau level and of skyrmions in ferromagnets as the consequence of the higher-rank gauge symmetry.

31 citations

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