Publications

Order by: publication date number of citations

• A standard convention for particle-level Monte Carlo event-variation weights

  Enrico Bothmann, Andy Buckley, Christian Gütschow, Stefan Prestel, Marek Schönherr, Peter Skands, Jeppe R. Andersen, Saptaparna Bhattacharya, Jonathan Butterworth, Gurpreet Singh Chahal, Louie Corpe, Leif Gellersen, Matthew Gignac, Stefan Höche, Deepak Kar, Frank Krauss, Jan Kretzschmar, Leif Lönnblad, Josh McFayden, Andreas Papaefstathiou, Simon Plätzer, Steffen Schumann, Michael H. Seymour, Frank Siegert, Andrzej Siódmok

  SciPost Phys. Core 6, 007 (2023) · published 8 February 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  Streams of event weights in particle-level Monte Carlo event generators are a convenient and immensely CPU-efficient approach to express systematic uncertainties in phenomenology calculations, providing systematic variations on the nominal prediction within a single event sample. But the lack of a common standard for labelling these variation streams across different tools has proven to be a major limitation for event-processing tools and analysers alike. Here we propose a well-defined, extensible community standard for the naming, ordering, and interpretation of weight streams that will serve as the basis for semantically correct parsing and combination of such variations in both theoretical and experimental studies.

  5 citations

• Non-standard neutrino spectra from annihilating neutralino dark matter

  Melissa van Beekveld, Wim Beenakker, Sascha Caron, Jochem Kip, Roberto Ruiz de Austri, Zhongyi Zhang

  SciPost Phys. Core 6, 006 (2023) · published 7 February 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  Neutrino telescope experiments are rapidly becoming more competitive in indirect detection searches for dark matter. Neutrino signals arising from dark matter annihilations are typically assumed to originate from the hadronisation and decay of Standard Model particles. Here we showcase a supersymmetric model, the BLSSMIS, that can simultaneously obey current experimental limits while still providing a potentially observable non-standard neutrino spectrum from dark matter annihilation.

  1 citation

• Topological quantum computation using analog gravitational holonomy and time dilation

  Emil Génetay Johansen, Tapio Simula

  SciPost Phys. Core 6, 005 (2023) · published 1 February 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  Non-universal topological quantum computation models, such as the Majorana fermion-based Ising anyon model, have to be supplemented with an additional non-topological noisy gate in order to achieve universality. Here we endeavour to remedy this using an Einstein­—Cartan analog gravity picture of scalar fields. Specifically, we show that the analog gravity picture enables unitary transformations to be realized in two distinct ways: (i) via space-time holonomy and (ii) as gravitational time dilation. The non-abelian geometric phases are enabled by gravitational interactions, which are mediated by the spin-connection. We analytically compute its matrix elements as a function of the scalar field density distribution. This density can be regarded as the gravitating distribution of matter in an analog universe. We show via explicit calculations that there exists an infinite set of asymptotically flat analog gravitational fields, each of which implements a unique unitary transformation, that render the interactions topological. We emphasise the generality of this result by asserting that such gravitational gates could potentially be implemented in a broad range of real systems modeled by scalar field with an acoustic metric.

  1 citation

• On the generality of symmetry breaking and dissipative freezing in quantum trajectories

  Joseph Tindall, Dieter Jaksch, Carlos Sánchez Muñoz

  SciPost Phys. Core 6, 004 (2023) · published 25 January 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  Recently, several studies involving open quantum systems which possess a strong symmetry have observed that every individual trajectory in the Monte Carlo unravelling of the master equation will dynamically select a specific symmetry sector to 'freeze' into in the long-time limit. This phenomenon has been termed 'dissipative freezing', and in this paper we argue, by presenting several simple mathematical perspectives on the problem, that it is a general consequence of the presence of a strong symmetry in an open system with only a few exceptions. Using a number of example systems we illustrate these arguments, uncovering an explicit relationship between the spectral properties of the Liouvillian in off-diagonal symmetry sectors and the time it takes for freezing to occur. In the limiting case that eigenmodes with purely imaginary eigenvalues are manifest in these sectors, freezing fails to occur. Such modes indicate the preservation of information and coherences between symmetry sectors of the system and can lead to phenomena such as non-stationarity and synchronisation. The absence of freezing at the level of a single quantum trajectory provides a simple, computationally efficient way of identifying these traceless modes.

  5 citations

• Nonlocal field theory of quasiparticle scattering in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

  Caio C. Holanda Ribeiro, Uwe R. Fischer

  SciPost Phys. Core 6, 003 (2023) · published 23 January 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  We consider the propagation of quasiparticle excitations in a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate, and derive a nonlocal field theory of quasiparticle scattering at a stepwise inhomogeneity of the sound speed, obtained by tuning the contact coupling part of the interaction on one side of the barrier. To solve this problem ab initio, i.e., without prior assumptions on the form of the solutions, we reformulate the dipolar Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation as a singular integral equation. The latter is of a novel hypersingular type, in having a kernel which is hypersingular at only two isolated points. Deriving its solution, we show that the integral equation reveals a continuum of evanescent channels at the sound barrier which is absent for a purely contact-interaction condensate. We furthermore demonstrate that by performing a discrete approximation for the kernel, one achieves an excellent solution accuracy for already a moderate number of discretization steps. Finally, we show that the non-monotonic nature of the system dispersion, corresponding to the emergence of a roton minimum in the excitation spectrum, results in peculiar features of the transmission and reflection at the sound barrier which are nonexistent for contact interactions.

  2 citations

• A comprehensive study of the velocity, momentum and position matrix elements for Bloch states: Application to a local orbital basis

  Juan José Esteve-Paredes, Juan José Palacios

  SciPost Phys. Core 6, 002 (2023) · published 20 January 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  We present a comprehensive study of the velocity operator, $\hat{\boldsymbol{v}}=\frac{i}{\hbar} [\hat{H},\hat{\boldsymbol{r}}]\,$, when used in crystalline solids calculations. The velocity operator is key to the evaluation of a number of physical properties and its computation, both from a practical and fundamental perspective, has been a long-standing debate for decades. Our work summarizes the different approaches found in the literature, but never connected before in a comprehensive manner. In particular we show how one can compute the velocity matrix elements following two different routes. One where the commutator is explicitly used and another one where the commutator is avoided by relying on the Berry connection. We work out an expression in the latter scheme to compute velocity matrix elements, generalizing previous results. In addition, we show how this procedure avoids ambiguous mathematical steps and how to properly deal with the two popular gauge choices that coexist in the literature. As an illustration of all this, we present several examples using tight-binding models and local density functional theory calculations, in particular using Gaussian-type localized orbitals as basis sets. We show how the the velocity operator cannot be approximated, in general, by the $k$-gradient of the Bloch Hamiltonian matrix when a non-orthonormal basis set is used. Finally, we also compare with its real-space evaluation through the identification with the canonical momentum operator when possible. This comparison offers us, in addition, a glimpse of the importance of non-local corrections, which may invalidate the naive momentum-velocity correspondence.

  11 citations

• Time-reparametrization invariances, multithermalization and the Parisi scheme

  Jorge Kurchan

  SciPost Phys. Core 6, 001 (2023) · published 17 January 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  The Parisi scheme for equilibrium and the corresponding slow dynamics with multithermalization - same temperature common to all observables, different temperatures only possible at widely separated timescales – imply one another. Consistency requires that two systems brought into infinitesimal coupling be able to rearrange their timescales in order that all their temperatures match: this time reorganisation is only possible because the systems have a set of time-reparametrization invariances, that are thus seen to be an essential component of the scenario.

  3 citations

• Topological defects in a double-mirror quadrupole insulator displace diverging charge

  Isidora Araya Day, Anton R. Akhmerov, Dániel Varjas

  SciPost Phys. Core 5, 053 (2022) · published 15 December 2022 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  We show that topological defects in quadrupole insulators do not host quantized fractional charges, contrary to what their Wannier representation indicates. In particular, we test the charge quantization hypothesis based on the Wannier representation of a disclination and a parametric defect. Since disclinations necessarily strain the lattice and parametric defects require closed curves in parameter space, both defects break four-fold rotation symmetry, even away from their origin. The Wannier representation of the defects is thus determined by local reflection symmetries. Contrary to the hypothesis, we find that the local charge density decays as $\sim 1/r^2$ with distance, leading to a diverging defect charge. Because topological defects are incompatible with four-fold rotation symmetry, we conclude that defect charge quantization is protected by sublattice symmetry, and not higher order topology.

  1 citation

• Generative learning for the problem of critical slowing down in lattice Gross-Neveu model

  Ankur Singha, Dipankar Chakrabarti, Vipul Arora

  SciPost Phys. Core 5, 052 (2022) · published 2 December 2022 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  In lattice field theory, Monte Carlo simulation algorithms get highly affected by critical slowing down in the critical region, where autocorrelation time increases rapidly. Hence the cost of generation of lattice configurations near the critical region increases sharply. In this paper, we use a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (C-GAN) for sampling lattice configurations. We train the C-GAN on the dataset consisting of Hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) samples in regions away from the critical region, i.e., in the regions where the HMC simulation cost is not so high. Then we use the trained C-GAN model to generate independent samples in the critical region. We perform both interpolation and extrapolation to the critical region. Thus, the overall computational cost is reduced. We test our approach for Gross-Neveu model in 1+1 dimension. We find that the observable distributions obtained from the proposed C-GAN model match with those obtained from HMC simulations, while circumventing the problem of critical slowing down.

  4 citations

• The spectral form factor in the 't Hooft limit – Intermediacy versus universality

  Ward L. Vleeshouwers, Vladimir Gritsev

  SciPost Phys. Core 5, 051 (2022) · published 1 December 2022 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  The Spectral Form Factor (SFF) is a convenient tool for the characterization of eigenvalue statistics of systems with discrete spectra, and thus serves as a proxy for quantum chaoticity. This work presents an analytical calculation of the SFF of the Chern-Simons Matrix Model (CSMM), which was first introduced to describe the intermediate level statistics of disordered electrons at the mobility edge. The CSMM is characterized by a parameter $ 0 \leq q\leq 1$, where the Circular Unitary Ensemble (CUE) is recovered for $q\to 0$. The CSMM was later found as a matrix model description of $U(N)$ Chern-Simons theory on $S^3$, which is dual to a topological string theory characterized by string coupling $g_s=-\log q$. The spectral form factor is proportional to a colored HOMFLY invariant of a $(2n,2)$-torus link with its two components carrying the fundamental and antifundamental representations, respectively. We check that taking $N \to \infty$ whilst keeping $q<1$ reduces the connected SFF to an exact linear ramp of unit slope, confirming the main result from arXiv:2012.11703 for the specific case of the CSMM. We then consider the `t Hooft limit, where $N \to \infty$ and $q \to 1^-$ such that $y = q^N $ remains finite. As we take $q\to 1^-$, this constitutes the opposite extreme of the CUE limit. In the `t Hooft limit, the connected SFF turns into a remarkable sequence of polynomials which, as far as the authors are aware, have not appeared in the literature thus far. A gap opens in the spectrum and, after unfolding by a constant rescaling, the connected SFF approximates a linear ramp of unit slope for all $y$ except $y \approx 1$, where the connected SFF goes to zero. We thus find that, although the CSMM was introduced to describe intermediate statistics and the `t Hooft limit is the opposite limit of the CUE, we still recover Wigner-Dyson universality for all $y$ except $y\approx 1$.

  3 citations