Publications

Order by: publication date number of citations

• Strength in numbers: Optimal and scalable combination of LHC new-physics searches

  Jack Y. Araz, Andy Buckley, Benjamin Fuks, Humberto Reyes-Gonzalez, Wolfgang Waltenberger, Sophie L. Williamson, Jamie Yellen

  SciPost Phys. 14, 077 (2023) · published 20 April 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  To gain a comprehensive view of what the LHC tells us about physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM), it is crucial that different BSM-sensitive analyses can be combined. But in general search-analyses are not statistically orthogonal, so performing comprehensive combinations requires knowledge of the extent to which the same events co-populate multiple analyses' signal regions. We present a novel, stochastic method to determine this degree of overlap, and a graph algorithm to efficiently find the combination of signal regions with no mutual overlap that optimises expected upper limits on BSM-model cross-sections. The gain in exclusion power relative to single-analysis limits is demonstrated with models with varying degrees of complexity, ranging from simplified models to a 19-dimensional supersymmetric model.

  3 citations

• Properties of fermionic systems with the path-integral ground state method

  Sebastian Ujevic, Vinicius Zampronio, Bruno R. de Abreu, Silvio A. Vitiello

  SciPost Phys. Core 6, 031 (2023) · published 20 April 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  We investigate strongly correlated many-body systems composed of bosons and fermions with a fully quantum treatment using the path-integral ground state method, PIGS. To account for the Fermi-Dirac statistics, we implement the fixed-node approximation into PIGS, which we then call FN-PIGS. In great detail, we discuss the pair density matrices we use to construct the full density operator in coordinate representation, a vital ingredient of the method. We consider the harmonic oscillator as a proof-of-concept and, as a platform representing quantum many-body systems, we explore helium atoms. Pure $^4$He systems demonstrate most of the features of the method. Complementarily, for pure $^3$He, the fixed-node approximation resolves the ubiquitous sign problem stemming from anti-symmetric wave functions. Finally, we investigate $^3$He-$^4$He mixtures, demonstrating the method's robustness. One of the main features of FN-PIGS is its ability to estimate any property at temperature $T = 0$ without any additional bias apart from the FN approximation; biases from long simulations are also excluded. In particular, we calculate the correlation function of pairs of equal and opposite spins and precise values of the $^3$He kinetic energy in the mixture.

• Generating the electro-weak scale by vector-like quark condensation

  Sophie Klett, Manfred Lindner, Andreas Trautner

  SciPost Phys. 14, 076 (2023) · published 19 April 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  We show that vector-like quarks in the fundamental or higher-dimensional representations of QCD can generate the electro-weak scale in a phenomenologically viable way by chiral symmetry breaking condensates. The thereby generated scales are determined by numerically solving the Dyson-Schwinger equation and these scales are sizable, because they grow with the hard vector-like mass. Communicating such a scale to the Standard Model via a conformally invariant scalar sector can dynamically generate the electro-weak scale without a naturalness problem, because all non-dynamical mass scales are protected by chiral symmetry. We present a minimal setup which requires only a new neutral scalar with mass not too far above the electro-weak scale, as well as vector-like quarks at the (multi-)TeV scale. Both are consistent with current bounds and are attractive for future experimental searches at the LHC and future colliders. Depending on the hypercharge of the vector-like quarks, hadrons made of them are color-neutral bound states which would be interesting Dark Matter candidates.

• Codebase release 1.0 for FermiFCI

  Lukas Rammelmüller, David Huber, Artem G. Volosniev

  SciPost Phys. Codebases 12-r1.0 (2023) · published 19 April 2023 | Toggle abstract · src

  We introduce a generic and accessible implementation of an exact diagonalization method for studying few-fermion models. Our aim is to provide a testbed for the newcomers to the field as well as a stepping stone for trying out novel optimizations and approximations. This userguide consists of a description of the algorithm, and several examples in varying orders of sophistication. In particular, we exemplify our routine using an effective-interaction approach that fixes the low-energy physics. We benchmark this approach against the existing data, and show that it is able to deliver state-of-the-art numerical results at a significantly reduced computational cost.

  1 citation

• A modular implementation of an effective interaction approach for harmonically trapped fermions in 1D

  Lukas Rammelmüller, David Huber, Artem G. Volosniev

  SciPost Phys. Codebases 12 (2023) · published 19 April 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  We introduce a generic and accessible implementation of an exact diagonalization method for studying few-fermion models. Our aim is to provide a testbed for the newcomers to the field as well as a stepping stone for trying out novel optimizations and approximations. This userguide consists of a description of the algorithm, and several examples in varying orders of sophistication. In particular, we exemplify our routine using an effective-interaction approach that fixes the low-energy physics. We benchmark this approach against the existing data, and show that it is able to deliver state-of-the-art numerical results at a significantly reduced computational cost.

  6 citations

• Majorana bound states in encapsulated bilayer graphene

  Fernando Peñaranda, Ramón Aguado, Elsa Prada, Pablo San-Jose

  SciPost Phys. 14, 075 (2023) · published 18 April 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  The search for robust topological superconductivity and Majorana bound states continues, exploring both one-dimensional (1D) systems such as semiconducting nanowires and two-dimensional (2D) platforms. In this work we study a 2D approach based on graphene bilayers encapsulated in transition metal dichalcogenides that, unlike previous proposals involving the Quantum Hall regime in graphene, requires weaker magnetic fields and does not rely on interactions. The encapsulation induces strong spin-orbit coupling on the graphene bilayer, which opens a sizeable gap and stabilizes fragile pairs of helical edge states. We show that, when subject to an in-plane Zeeman field, armchair edges can be transformed into p-wave one-dimensional topological superconductors by contacting them laterally with conventional superconductors. We demonstrate the emergence of Majorana bound states (MBSs) at the sample corners of crystallographically perfect flakes, belonging either to the D or the BDI symmetry classes depending on parameters. We compute the phase diagram, the resilience of MBSs against imperfections, and their manifestation as a 4$\pi$-periodic effect in Josephson junction geometries, all suggesting the existence of a topological phase within experimental reach.

  3 citations

• AdS black holes with a bouncing interior

  Sean A. Hartnoll, Navonil Neogi

  SciPost Phys. 14, 074 (2023) · published 18 April 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  We construct planar black hole solutions of AdS gravity minimally coupled to a scalar field with an even, super-exponential potential. We show that the evolution of the black hole interior exhibits an infinite sequence of Kasner epochs, as the scalar field rolls back and forth in its potential. We obtain an analytic expression for the 'bounces' between each Kasner epoch and also give an explicit formula for the times and strengths of the bounces at late interior times, thereby fully characterizing the interior evolution. In this way we show that the interior geometry approaches the Schwarzschild singularity at late times, even as the scalar field is driven higher up its potential with each bounce.

  1 citation

• Introduction to the theory of open quantum systems

  Piotr Szańkowski

  SciPost Phys. Lect. Notes 68 (2023) · published 18 April 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  This manuscript is an edited and refined version of the lecture script for a one-semester graduate course given originally at the PhD school in the Institute of Physics of Polish Academy of Sciences in the Spring/Summer semester of 2022. The course expects from the student only a basic knowledge on graduate-level quantum mechanics. The script itself is largely self-contained and could be used as a textbook on the topic of open quantum systems. The program of this course is based on a novel approach to the description of the open system dynamics: It is showed how the environmental degrees of freedom coupled to the system can be represented by a multi-component quasi-stochastic process. Using this representation one constructs the super-quasi-cumulant (or super-qumulant) expansion for the system's dynamical map-a parametrization that naturally lends itself for the development of a robust and practical perturbation theory. Thus, even an experienced researcher might find this manuscript of some interest.

  1 citation

• Optimal compression of quantum many-body time evolution operators into brickwall circuits

  Maurits S. J. Tepaske, Dominik Hahn, David J. Luitz

  SciPost Phys. 14, 073 (2023) · published 17 April 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  Near term quantum computers suffer from a degree of decoherence which is prohibitive for high fidelity simulations with deep circuits. An economical use of circuit depth is therefore paramount. For digital quantum simulation of quantum many-body systems, real time evolution is typically achieved by a Trotter decomposition of the time evolution operator into circuits consisting only of two qubit gates. To match the geometry of the physical system and the CNOT connectivity of the quantum processor, additional SWAP gates are needed. We show that optimal fidelity, beyond what is achievable by simple Trotter decompositions for a fixed gate count, can be obtained by compiling the evolution operator into optimal brickwall circuits for the $S=1/2$ quantum Heisenberg model on chains and ladders, when mapped to one dimensional quantum processors without the need of additional SWAP gates.

  6 citations

• Finite-time bounds on the probabilistic violation of the second law of thermodynamics

  Harry J. D. Miller, Martí Perarnau-Llobet

  SciPost Phys. 14, 072 (2023) · published 17 April 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  Jarzynski's equality sets a strong bound on the probability of violating the second law of thermodynamics by extracting work beyond the free energy difference. We derive finite-time refinements to this bound for driven systems in contact with a thermal Markovian environment, which can be expressed in terms of the geometric notion of thermodynamic length. We show that finite-time protocols converge to Jarzynski's bound at a rate slower than $1/\sqrt{\tau}$, where $\tau$ is the total time of the work-extraction protocol. Our result highlights a new application of minimal dissipation processes and demonstrates a connection between thermodynamic geometry and the higher order statistical properties of work.