Publications

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• Entanglement classification via operator size

  Qi-Feng Wu

  SciPost Phys. Core 6, 063 (2023) · published 15 September 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  In this work, multipartite entanglement is classified by polynomials. I show that the operator size is closely related to the entanglement structure. Given a generic quantum state, I define a series of subspaces generated by operators of different sizes acting on it. The information about the entanglement is encoded into these subspaces. With the dimension of these subspaces as coefficients, I define a polynomial which I call the entanglement polynomial. The entanglement polynomial induces a homomorphism from quantum states to polynomials. It implies that we can characterize and find the building blocks of entanglement by polynomial factorization. Two states share the same entanglement polynomial if they are equivalent under the stochastic local operations and classical communication. To calculate the entanglement polynomial practically, I construct a series of states, called renormalized states, whose ranks are related to the coefficients of the entanglement polynomial.

• Full counting statistics as probe of measurement-induced transitions in the quantum Ising chain

  Emanuele Tirrito, Alessandro Santini, Rosario Fazio, Mario Collura

  SciPost Phys. 15, 096 (2023) · published 14 September 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  Non-equilibrium dynamics of many-body quantum systems under the effect of measurement protocols is attracting an increasing amount of attention. It has been recently revealed that measurements may induce different non-equilibrium regimes and an abrupt change in the scaling-law of the bipartite entanglement entropy. However, our understanding of how these regimes appear{, how they affect the statistics of local quantities and}, finally whether they survive in the thermodynamic limit, is much less established. Here we investigate measurement-induced phase transitions in the Quantum Ising chain coupled to a monitoring environment. In particular we show that local projective measurements induce a quantitative modification of the out-of-equilibrium probability distribution function of the local magnetization. Starting from a GHZ state, the relaxation of the paramagnetic and the ferromagnetic order is analysed. In particular we describe how the probability distributions associated to them show different behaviour depending on the measurement rate.

  24 citations

• Fermionization of a few-body Bose system immersed into a Bose-Einstein condensate

  Tim Keller, Thomás Fogarty, Thomas Busch

  SciPost Phys. 15, 095 (2023) · published 14 September 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  We study the recently introduced self-pinning transition [Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 053401 (2022)] in a quasi-one-dimensional two-component quantum gas in the case where the component immersed into the Bose-Einstein condensate has a finite intraspecies interaction strength. As a result of the matter-wave backaction, the fermionization in the limit of infinite intraspecies repulsion occurs via a first-order phase transition to the self-pinned state, which is in contrast to the asymptotic behavior in static trapping potentials. The system also exhibits an additional superfluid state for the immersed component if the interspecies interaction is able to overcome the intraspecies repulsion. We approximate the superfluid state in an analytical model and derive an expression for the phase transition line that coincides with well-known phase separation criteria in binary Bose systems. The full phase diagram of the system is mapped out numerically for the case of two and three atoms in the immersed component.

  2 citations

• Two invertible networks for the matrix element method

  Anja Butter, Theo Heimel, Till Martini, Sascha Peitzsch, Tilman Plehn

  SciPost Phys. 15, 094 (2023) · published 14 September 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  The matrix element method is widely considered the ultimate LHC inference tool for small event numbers. We show how a combination of two conditional generative neural networks encodes the QCD radiation and detector effects without any simplifying assumptions, while keeping the computation of likelihoods for individual events numerically efficient. We illustrate our approach for the CP-violating phase of the top Yukawa coupling in associated Higgs and single-top production. Currently, the limiting factor for the precision of our approach is jet combinatorics.

  12 citations

• Hilbert space fragmentation and slow dynamics in particle-conserving quantum East models

  Pietro Brighi, Marko Ljubotina, Maksym Serbyn

  SciPost Phys. 15, 093 (2023) · published 13 September 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  Quantum kinetically constrained models have recently attracted significant attention due to their anomalous dynamics and thermalization. In this work, we introduce a hitherto unexplored family of kinetically constrained models featuring conserved particle number and strong inversion-symmetry breaking due to facilitated hopping. We demonstrate that these models provide a generic example of so-called quantum Hilbert space fragmentation, that is manifested in disconnected sectors in the Hilbert space that are not apparent in the computational basis. Quantum Hilbert space fragmentation leads to an exponential in system size number of eigenstates with exactly zero entanglement entropy across several bipartite cuts. These eigenstates can be probed dynamically using quenches from simple initial product states. In addition, we study the particle spreading under unitary dynamics launched from the domain wall state, and find faster than diffusive dynamics at high particle densities, that crosses over into logarithmically slow relaxation at smaller densities. Using a classically simulable cellular automaton, we reproduce the logarithmic dynamics observed in the quantum case. Our work suggests that particle conserving constrained models with inversion symmetry breaking realize so far unexplored dynamical behavior and invite their further theoretical and experimental studies.

  15 citations

• Boundary chaos: Exact entanglement dynamics

  Felix Fritzsch, Roopayan Ghosh, Tomaž Prosen

  SciPost Phys. 15, 092 (2023) · published 13 September 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  We compute the dynamics of entanglement in the minimal setup producing ergodic and mixing quantum many-body dynamics, which we previously dubbed boundary chaos. This consists of a free, non-interacting brickwork quantum circuit, in which chaos and ergodicity is induced by an impurity interaction, i.e., an entangling two-qudit gate, placed at the system's boundary. We compute both the conventional bipartite entanglement entropy with respect to a connected subsystem including the impurity interaction for initial product states as well as the so-called operator entanglement entropy of initial local operators. Thereby we provide exact results in a particular scaling limit of both time and system size going to infinity for either very small or very large subsystems. We show that different classes of impurity interactions lead to very distinct entanglement dynamics. For impurity gates preserving a local product state forming the bulk of the initial state, entanglement entropies of states show persistent spikes with period set by the system size and suppressed entanglement in between, contrary to the expected linear growth in ergodic systems. We observe similar dynamics of operator entanglement for generic impurities. In contrast, for T-dual impurities, which remain unitary under partial transposition, we find entanglement entropies of both states and operators to grow linearly in time with the maximum possible speed allowed by the geometry of the system. The intensive nature of interactions in all cases causes entanglement to grow on extensive time scales proportional to system size.

  5 citations

• Strengthening the atom-field coupling through the deep-strong regime via pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians

  M. A. de Ponte, F. Oliveira Neto, P. M. Soares, M. H. Y. Moussa

  SciPost Phys. 15, 091 (2023) · published 13 September 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  We present a strategy for strengthening the atom-field interaction through a pseudo-Hermitian Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian. Apart from the engineering of an effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, our strategy also relies on the accomplishment of short-time measurements on canonically conjugate variables. The resulting fast Rabi oscillations may be used for many quantum optics purposes and specially to shorten the processing time of quantum information.

• A plane defect in the 3d O(N) model

  Abijith Krishnan, Max A. Metlitski

  SciPost Phys. 15, 090 (2023) · published 12 September 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  It was recently found that the classical 3d O$(N)$ model in the semi-infinite geometry can exhibit an "extraordinary-log" boundary universality class, where the spin-spin correlation function on the boundary falls off as $\langle \vec{S}(x) \cdot \vec{S}(0)\rangle \sim \frac{1}{(\log x)^q}$. This universality class exists for a range $2 ≤ N < N_c$ {and Monte-Carlo simulations and conformal bootstrap} indicate $N_c > 3$. In this work, we extend this {result} to the 3d O$(N)$ model in an infinite geometry with a plane defect. We use renormalization group (RG) to show that in this case the extraordinary-log universality class is present for any finite $N ≥ 2$. We additionally show, {in agreement with our RG analysis}, that the line of defect fixed points which is present at $N = ∞$ is lifted to the ordinary, special (no defect) and extraordinary-log universality classes by $1/N$ corrections. We study the "central charge" $a$ for the $O(N)$ model in the boundary and interface geometries and provide a non-trivial detailed check of an $a$-theorem by Jensen and O'Bannon. Finally, we revisit the problem of the O$(N)$ model in the semi-infinite geometry. We find evidence that at $N = N_c$ the extraordinary and special fixed points annihilate and only the ordinary fixed point is left for $N > N_c$.

  7 citations

• Lack of symmetry restoration after a quantum quench: An entanglement asymmetry study

  Filiberto Ares, Sara Murciano, Eric Vernier, Pasquale Calabrese

  SciPost Phys. 15, 089 (2023) · published 12 September 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  We consider the quantum quench in the XX spin chain starting from a tilted Néel state which explicitly breaks the $U(1)$ symmetry of the post-quench Hamiltonian. Very surprisingly, the $U(1)$ symmetry is not restored at large time because of the activation of a non-Abelian set of charges which all break it. The breaking of the symmetry can be effectively and quantitatively characterised by the recently introduced entanglement asymmetry. By a combination of exact calculations and quasi-particle picture arguments, we are able to exactly describe the behaviour of the asymmetry at any time after the quench. Furthermore we show that the stationary behaviour is completely captured by a non-Abelian generalised Gibbs ensemble. While our computations have been performed for a non-interacting spin chain, we expect similar results to hold for the integrable interacting case as well because of the presence of non-Abelian charges also in that case.

  23 citations

• Relating non-Hermitian and Hermitian quantum systems at criticality

  Chang-Tse Hsieh, Po-Yao Chang

  SciPost Phys. Core 6, 062 (2023) · published 12 September 2023 | Toggle abstract · pdf

  We demonstrate three types of transformations that establish connections between Hermitian and non-Hermitian quantum systems at criticality, which can be described by conformal field theories (CFTs). For the transformation preserving both the energy and the entanglement spectra, the corresponding central charges obtained from the logarithmic scaling of the entanglement entropy are identical for both Hermitian and non-Hermitian systems. The second transformation, while preserving the energy spectrum, does not perserve the entanglement spectrum. This leads to different entanglement entropy scalings and results in different central charges for the two types of systems. We demonstrate this transformation using the dilation method applied to the free fermion case. Through this method, we show that a non-Hermitian system with central charge $c = -4$ can be mapped to a Hermitian system with central charge $c = 2$. Lastly, we investigate the Galois conjugation in the Fibonacci model with the parameter $\phi \to - 1/\phi$, in which the transformation does not preserve both energy and entanglement spectra. We demonstrate the Fibonacci model and its Galois conjugation relate the tricritical Ising model/3-state Potts model and the Lee-Yang model with negative central charges from the scaling property of the entanglement entropy.

  5 citations